北京故宮導(dǎo)游詞大全15篇
作為一無名無私奉獻(xiàn)的導(dǎo)游，常常要根據(jù)講解需要編寫導(dǎo)游詞，導(dǎo)游詞可以加深游客對(duì)景點(diǎn)的印象，是提升講解水平的重要工具。那要怎么寫好導(dǎo)游詞呢？以下是小編精心整理的北京故宮導(dǎo)游詞，希望能夠幫助到大家。
北京故宮導(dǎo)游詞1
各位游客，大家好！歡迎你們到北京故宮來游玩。我是故宮導(dǎo)游公司的導(dǎo)游，大家可以叫我“高導(dǎo)”。非常榮幸能為大家在故宮提供導(dǎo)游服務(wù)，希望我的陪伴能讓您度過愉快的一天，也能讓您真正感受到北京故宮這個(gè)美麗的地方的魅力。
北京故宮，舊稱紫禁城。位于北京中軸線的中心，是明朝和清朝的皇宮，占地面積約15萬(wàn)平方米，是世界上現(xiàn)存規(guī)模最大、保存最完整的木質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)的宮殿型建筑。
接下來，我們來到的是故宮四個(gè)門中的北門，名神武門。你們瞧，面對(duì)神武門的，是用土、石、筑成的`景山。景山上松柏成林，草木茂盛，一片生機(jī)勃勃的樣子。除了北門神武門，故宮還有三座門。正門名午門，東門的名字是東華門，而西門，就是和東門對(duì)應(yīng)的西華門。
故宮的主要建筑是太和殿、中和殿和保和殿，請(qǐng)大家隨我進(jìn)去細(xì)細(xì)觀賞。故宮宮殿建筑均是木結(jié)構(gòu)，黃琉璃瓦屋頂，青白石底座，飾以金碧輝煌的彩畫。請(qǐng)你們仔細(xì)瞧，這些彩畫，沒有一幅是馬馬虎虎完成的，它們都是能工巧匠精心繪制，每一幅畫都是色彩鮮麗，美輪美奐。
故宮1987年被列為世界文化遺產(chǎn)，請(qǐng)大家參觀游覽時(shí)注意保護(hù)文物。接下來請(qǐng)大家自由參觀。小高在這里衷心祝愿大家旅途愉快，收獲多多！
北京故宮導(dǎo)游詞2
因?yàn)槊鞒罉纺觊g，一百萬(wàn)勞工花了十四年的時(shí)間修筑起來的故宮是世界是最大的宮殿，非常有名。每天都有數(shù)萬(wàn)名游客來這里觀光。
故宮的面積約是天安門廣場(chǎng)的兩倍，比凡爾賽宮殿還大，是日本平安神宮的十倍左右。故宮的歷史開始于570年前，請(qǐng)大家把思緒拉回到570年前來游覽故宮吧!
午門
這個(gè)建筑是故宮朝南的正門，叫作午門。午是正晌午時(shí)的午，是位于正中的意思。午門的下面，有五個(gè)拱門，正中間的門只有皇帝才能出入，即使地位很高的大臣，也只能使用兩側(cè)的門;地方上的諸候只能使用最兩端的小門。這些都是根據(jù)身份，等級(jí)來嚴(yán)格規(guī)定的。過去，只有皇后在結(jié)婚的時(shí)候，才能從午門進(jìn)入一次，其它女性一律禁止出入午門。當(dāng)然現(xiàn)在是誰(shuí)都可以進(jìn)啦。過去對(duì)皇帝的心腹都是這樣嚴(yán)厲，一般百姓就更不用提啦。連靠近故宮都不行。所以，這個(gè)故宮又被稱作紫禁城。紫是紫色的紫。過去有天帝之子，老子住的地方當(dāng)然也得是紫色的宮殿才中!于是，用了個(gè)紫字。禁就是禁止入內(nèi)的`禁字，也就是禁止隨便進(jìn)放的意思。
這正中的路是皇帝專用的。這條但是故宮的中軸線，也是整個(gè)北京城的中軸線。北京的主要建筑大多都沿著這個(gè)中軸線而建，兩邊的建筑也多是對(duì)稱的�；实鄣膶m殿位于這中軸線的中間，顯示著”普天之下，唯我獨(dú)尊”。這條路是用大理石鋪成的。請(qǐng)看，這大理石路比兩邊的路高出一塊兒來。當(dāng)皇帝將走這段路時(shí)，還要在上面鋪上地毯之類的東西，這樣就高了。所以縱然皇帝身材短小，在這上面一走，也顯得高大偉岸!
皇帝是了不起的”爺們兒”，這中間的門也是了不起的”爺門兒”。每當(dāng)皇帝經(jīng)過這中間的門時(shí)，都要敲響大鐘、大鼓伴奏才行。皇帝就這樣邁著步子：咚咚---咚咚咚咚---咚---咚真戳威嚴(yán)無比!皇帝打心眼兒里感覺到：看!還是老子偉大!下面，我們大家也假裝當(dāng)回皇帝，體會(huì)一下皇帝走路的感覺吧!
太和門
這個(gè)建筑叫太和門，是故宮里最大的木制大門。在這個(gè)大門的前面，放有一對(duì)獅子，這是明代用青銅的。獅子強(qiáng)悍，吼聲震天，使百獸懼怕，放在這里，代表著皇帝的威嚴(yán)。那里有個(gè)石頭做的像郵筒似的東西，那是大臣，諸候求皇帝時(shí)，要寫申請(qǐng)書放在里邊，由皇帝的仆人轉(zhuǎn)達(dá)給皇帝：“萬(wàn)歲，此人求見,可以嗎?”“好”“是，遵命�！本涂梢杂羞M(jìn)了。如果皇帝獄：“不行!”那求見的人就會(huì)被攆走。和它相對(duì)稱的那邊，還有一個(gè)石頭做成的東西，它的形狀像一個(gè)大印，象征著皇帝的權(quán)力。也就是說：老子的權(quán)力堅(jiān)如磐石，不管世間有何變動(dòng)，老子的權(quán)力永遠(yuǎn)不變!
太和殿
前面的大殿叫太和殿，是故宮內(nèi)最大的建筑物，并且是過去北京城最高的建筑物�；实巯铝睿喝魏稳说姆孔右膊荒芨叱隼献拥姆孔�。所以京城只好建了平房，北京過去曾被稱為”平房之都”。
下邊的廣場(chǎng)是太和殿廣場(chǎng)，為什么要建這么大的廣場(chǎng)呢?如果不建這個(gè)廣場(chǎng)或是建個(gè)小廣場(chǎng)，那么，人們就不會(huì)感覺到太和殿的雄偉壯觀。只有建這么大的廣場(chǎng)，站在這里向?qū)γ婵慈ィ核{(lán)天之下，黃瓦生輝。再加上下面白色的石臺(tái)，給人以豪華絢爛之感。
舉行大典的時(shí)候，皇帝坐在太和殿正中的御座;文武百官跪伏在廣場(chǎng)。那時(shí)還要往石臺(tái)上的大鼎里放入綠葉松枝燃燒，弄得煙霧繚繞，太和殿直就像云中樓閣一樣，文武百官仰望著云中樓閣呼萬(wàn)歲，坐在御座上的皇帝感覺是多么良好，就可想而知啦。盡管故宮周圍有十米高的城墻和52米寬的護(hù)城河，皇帝還是擔(dān)心有人挖地道鉆進(jìn)故宮暗殺他，嚇得睡不好覺，絞盡腦汁想了個(gè)辦法，就是把廣場(chǎng)用十五層磚橫、豎交叉地鋪嚴(yán)實(shí)了，才終于放下心來。從這件事也可以看出，當(dāng)時(shí)的權(quán)力斗爭(zhēng)是何等激烈!當(dāng)然在大典時(shí)，文武百官三呼萬(wàn)歲，但皇帝還是懷有戒心：這里面，這家伙，那家伙，說不定哪個(gè)家伙想暗殺老子，不注意哪行!這廣場(chǎng)的磚層大約有三、四米深。
這個(gè)由石頭做成的東西叫嘉量，嘉量是當(dāng)時(shí)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)度量衡，表示皇帝公平處事，誰(shuí)半斤，誰(shuí)八兩，心里自然有數(shù)。對(duì)面還有一個(gè)石頭做成的東西，叫作日晷。發(fā)音和日記一樣，但不是日記，是用來看時(shí)間的石頭表。皇帝的意思是：重量和時(shí)間的基準(zhǔn)都在老子這里。
那邊有鶴和龜，”千年仙鶴，萬(wàn)年龜”，是長(zhǎng)壽的象征。不過，中國(guó)和日本不同，是顛倒過來說的，叫作”萬(wàn)年仙鶴，千年龜”。為什么說法不一樣呢?大概是過去日本的留學(xué)生在中國(guó)學(xué)了詞句之后，乘船歸國(guó)途中，由于船的顛簸使頭腦產(chǎn)生混亂，記顛倒了。還有許多例子，如：日本講良妻賢母，中國(guó)講賢妻良母;日本講平和，中國(guó)講和平;日本講法政大學(xué)，而在中國(guó)叫作政法大學(xué)。文章的意思完全一樣，但只是順序不同，大概就是乘船顛簸所致。那鶴和龜不單是一種裝飾物，也是一種香爐。它們的背都蓋著蓋兒，每當(dāng)大典時(shí)，就把蓋掀起來，放入檀香燃燒，那煙就從它們的嘴里緩緩溢出，就好像它們都在吞云吐霧一樣。
請(qǐng)大家從石臺(tái)上回頭看廣場(chǎng)。我們進(jìn)了故宮之后還沒有看見過樹。為什么在這么寬闊的地方連一樹都不種呢?……不是為了防止暗殺，而是為了制造氣氛。如果種了樹，郁郁蔥蔥一片綠，鳥兒在上面又唱又叫的，就會(huì)呈現(xiàn)出生活的氣息。如果不種繹，就會(huì)產(chǎn)生莊嚴(yán)的氣氛。我們來想像一下：過去大臣、諸候要見皇帝時(shí)，全都得從天安門走著進(jìn)來，走在寬闊的路上看著高大的建筑，在莊嚴(yán)肅穆的氣氛中，大臣、諸候就會(huì)越走越感到壓力沉重，當(dāng)走到皇帝面前時(shí)，就會(huì)自然地雙腿打著哆嗦跪下來了。
北京故宮導(dǎo)游詞3
親愛的訪客:
大家好！
我是你5天的導(dǎo)游，所以就叫我徐吧。
今天，我們打算去參觀北京的故宮。下車時(shí)請(qǐng)保管好自己的物品。請(qǐng)不要洗漱、吐痰、亂扔垃圾，注意安全。這就是故宮，也叫紫禁城。它位于北京市中心，是明清兩代的皇宮。故宮的建筑是以南京故宮為基礎(chǔ)的。紫禁城花了14年才建成。
請(qǐng)走上臺(tái)階往下看，故宮全景盡收眼底。故宮的平面是一個(gè)南北長(zhǎng)961米，東西寬753米的正方形，面積約72萬(wàn)平方米。請(qǐng)和我一起看看四面筑成的'城墻。它們的周長(zhǎng)為3428米，墻高7.9米，底部寬度為8.62米，上部寬度為6.66米。請(qǐng)?zhí)ь^看，外面有雕刻，里面有墻。請(qǐng)跟我來，請(qǐng)看墻外一條寬52米，長(zhǎng)380米的護(hù)城河，構(gòu)成了完整的防御體系。請(qǐng)往四個(gè)方向看:東、西、北、南。宮城有四個(gè)門，南面的武門是紫禁城的正門，北面的神武門，東面的東華門和西面的西華門。
往前走，會(huì)看到太和殿，這是紫禁城的第一個(gè)大殿，俗稱黃金寶殿。它位于北京紫禁城的中心，與太和殿、包和殿一起被稱為“故宮三殿”。太和殿建于明朝永樂年間，現(xiàn)存建筑建于康熙三十四年。明清兩朝皇帝登基、結(jié)婚、冊(cè)封皇后、元旦宴席都在這里舉行。今天的旅行就到這里。希望你有時(shí)間詳細(xì)欣賞其他宮殿。謝謝你
北京故宮導(dǎo)游詞4
This is the palace museum; also know as the purple forbidden city. it is the largest and most well reserved imperial residence in china today. under ming emperor yongle, construction began in 1406. it took 14years to build the forbidden city. the first ruler who actually lived here was ming emperor zhudi. for five centuries thereafter, it continued to be the residence of23 successive emperors until 1911 when qing emperor puyi was forced to abdicate the throne .in 1987, the united nations educational, scientific and cultural organization recognized the forbidden city was a world cultural legacy.
forbidden city(紫禁城)
(in front of the meridian gate)
it is believed that the palace museum, or zi jin cheng (purple forbidden city), got its name from astronomy folklore, the ancient astronomers divided the constellations into groups and centered them around the ziwei yuan(north star). the constellation containing the north star was called the constellation of heavenly god and star itself was called the purple palace. because the emperor was supposedly the son of the heavenly gods, his central and dominant position would be further highlighted the use of the word purple in the name of his residence. in folklore, the term ”an eastern purple cloud is drifting” became a metaphor for auspicious events after a purple cloud was seen drifting eastward immediately before the arrival of an ancient philosopher, laozi, to the hanghu pass. here, purple is associated with auspicious developments. the word jin (forbidden) is self-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-limits to ordinary people.
the red and yellow used on the palace walls and roofs are also symbolic. red represents happiness, good fortune and wealth. yellow is the color of the earth on the loess plateau, the original home of the chinese people. yellow became an imperial color during the tang dynasty, when only members of the royal family were allowed to wear it and use it in their architecture.
the forbidden city is rectangular in shape. it is 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meter wide from east west. it has 9,900 rooms under a total roof area 150,000 square meters .a 52-meter-wide-moat encircles a 9.9-meter—high wall which encloses the complex. octagon —shaped turrets rest on the four corners of the wall. there are four entrances into the city: the meridian gate to the south, the shenwu gate(gate of military prowess) to the north, and the xihua gate(gate of military prowess) to the north, and the xihua gate(western flowery gate )to the west ,the donghua (eastern flowery gate) to the east.
manpower and materials throughout the country were used to build the forbidden city. a total of 230,000 artisans and one million laborers were employed. marble was quarried from fangshan country mount pan in jixian county in hebei province. granite was quarried in quyang county in hebei province. paving blocks were fired in kilns in suzhou in southern china. bricks and scarlet pigmentation used on the palatial walls came from linqing in shandong province .timber was cut ,processed and hauled from the northwestern and southern regions.
the structure in front of us is the meridian gate. it is the main entrance to the forbidden city. it is also knows as wufenglou(five-phoenix tower). ming emperors held lavish banquets here on the 15th day of the first month of the chinese lunar year in hornor of their counties .they also used this place for punishing officals by flogging them with sticks.
qing emperors used this building to announce the beginning of the new year. qing emperor qianglong changed the original name of this announcement ceremony from ban li(announcement of calendar)to ban shou(announcement of new moon )to avoid coincidental association with another emperor` s name, hongli, which was considered a taboo at that time. qing dynasty emperors also used this place to hold audience and for other important ceremonies. for example,when the imperial army returned victoriously from the battlefield ,it was here that the emperor presided over the ceremony to accept prisoners of war.
(after entering the meridian gate and standing in front of the five marble bridges on golden water river)
now we are inside the forbidden city.before we start our tour, i would like to briefly introduce you to the architectural patterns befour us .to complete this solemn, magnificent and palatial complex, a variety of buildings were arranged on a north-south axis, and 8-kilometer-long invisible line that has become an inseparable part of the city of beijing. the forbidden city covers roughly one –third of this central axis. most of the important building in the forbidden city weree arranged along this line. the design and arrangement of the palaces reflect the solemn dignity of the royal court and rigidly –stratified feudal system.
the forbidden city is divided into an outer and an inner count.we are now standing on the southernmost part of the outer count. in front of us lies the gate of supreme harmony .the gate is guarded by a pair of bronze lions ,symbolizing imperial power and dignity. the lions were the most exquisite and biggest of its kind. the one on the east playing with a ball is a male, and ball is said to represent state unity. the other one is a female. underneath one of its fore claws is a cub that is considered to be a symbol of perpetual imperial succession. the winding brook before us is the golden water river. it functions both as decoration and fire control .the five bridges spanning the river represent the five virtues preached by confucius :benevolence, righteousness, rites, intellence and fidelity. the river takes the shape of a bow and the north-south axis is its arrow. this was meant to show that the emperors ruled the country on behalf of god.
(in front of the gate of supreme harmony)
the forbidden city consists of an outer countyard and an inner enclosure. the out count yard covers a vast space lying between the meridian gate and the gate of heavenly purity. the “three big halls” of supreme harmony, complete harmony and preserving harmony constitute the center of this building group. flanking them in bilateral symmetry are two groups of palaces: wenhua (prominent scholars) and wuying (brave warriors) . the three great halls are built on a spacious “h”-shaped, 8-meter-high, triple marble terrace, each level of the triple terrace is taller than the on below and all are encircled by marble balustrades carved with dragon and phoenix designs. there are three carved stone staircases linking the three architectures .the hall of supreme harmony is also the tallest and most exquisite ancient wooden-structured mansion in all of china. from the palace of heavenly purith northward is what is known as the inner court, which is also built in bilaterally symmetrical patterns. in the center are the palace of heavenly purity, the hall of union and peace and palace of earthly tranquility, a place where the emperors lived with their families and attended to state affairs. flanking these structures are palaces and halls in which concubines and princes lived. there are also three botanical gardens within the inner count, namely, the imperial garden, caning garden and quailing garden. an inner golden water river flows eastwardly within the inner court. the brook winds through three minor halls or palaces and leads out of the forbidden city. it is spanned by the white jade bridge. the river is lined with winding, marble –carved balustrades. most of the structures within the forbidden city have yellow glazed tile roofs.
aside from giving prominence to the north-south axis, other architectural methods were applied to make every group of palatial structures unique in terms of terraces, roofs, mythical monsters perching on the roofs and colored, drawing patterns. with these, the grand contour and different hierarchic spectrum of the complex were strengthened. folklore has it that there are altogether 9,999 room-units in the forbidden city. since paradise only has 10,000 rooms, the son of heaven on earth cut the number by half a room. it is also rumoured that this half –room is located to the west of the wenyuange pavilion (imperial library). as a matter of fact, although the forbidden city has more than 9,000 room-units, this half-room is nonexistent .the wenyuange pavilion is a library where “si ku quan shu”- china `s first comprehensive anthology-was stored.
(after walking past the gate of supreme harmony)
ladies and gentlemen, the great hall we are approaching is the hall of supreme harmony, the biggest and tallest of its king in the forbidden city. this structure covers a total building space of 2,377 square meters, and is know for its upturned, multiple counterpart eaves . the hall of supreme harmony sits on a triple “h”-shaped marble terrace the is 8meters high and linked by staircases. the staircase on the ground floor has 21 steps while the middle and upper stairways each have 9.
the construction of the hall of supreme harmony began in 1406. it burned down three times and was severely damaged once during a mutiny. the existing architecture was built during the qing dynasty. on the corners of the eaves a line of animal-nails were usually fastened to the tiles. these animal-nails were later replace with mythical animals to ward off evil spirits. there are altogether 9 such fasteners on top of this hall. the number nine was regarded by the ancients to be the largest numeral accessible to man and to which only the emperors were entitled.
there was a total of 24 successive emperors during the ming and qing dynasties who were enthroned here. the ball was also used for ceremonies which marked other great occasions: the winter solstice, the chinese lunar new year, the emperor` s birthday, conferral of the title of empress, the announcement of new laws and policies, and dispatches of generals to war .on such occasions, the emperor would hold audience for his court officials and receive their tributes.
this area is called the hall of supreme harmony square, which covers a total of 30,000 square meters, without a single tree or plant growing here, this place inspires visitors to feel its solemnity and grandeur. in the middle of the square there is a carriageway that was reserved for the emperor. on both sides of the road the groud bricks were laid in a special way seven layers lengthwise and eight layers crosswise, making up fifteen layers in all. the purpose of this was to prevent anyone from tunneling his way into the palace. in the count yard there are iron vats for storing water to fight fires. in the whole complex there are altogher 308 water vats. in wintertime, charcoal was burned underneath the vats to keep the water from freezing .why so vast a square? it was designed to impress people with the hall` s grandeur and vastness. imagine the following scene. under the clear blue sky, the yellow glazed tiles shimmered as the cloud-like layers of terrace, coupled with the curling veil of burning incense, transformed the hall of supreme harmony into a fairyland. whenever major ceremonies were held, the glazed, crane-shaped candleholders inside the hall would be it, and incense and pine branches burnt in front of the hall. when the emperor appeared, drums were beaten and musical instrument played. civilian officials and generals would kneel know in submission.
the last qing emperor puyi assumed the throne in 1908, at the age of three, his father carried him to the throne. at the start of the coronation, the sudden drum-beating and loud music caught the young emperor unprepared .he was so scared that he kept crying and shouting,”i don’t want to stay here. i want to go home.” his father tried to soothe him, saying, ”it` all soon be finished .it` all soon be finished ”the ministers present at the event considered this incident inauspicious. coincidentally, the qing dynasty collapsed three years later and there with concluded china `s feudal system that had lasted for more than 2,000 years.
(on the stone terrace of the hall of supreme harmony)
this is a bronze incense burner. in it incense made of sandalwood would be burnt on important occasions. there are altogether 18 incense burners, representing all of the provinces under the rule of the sing monarchs. on either side of the hall, 4 bronze water-filled vats were placed in case of fire. next to the terrace on either side, there is a bronze crane and tortoise, symbols of longevity. this copper-cast grain measure is called ”jialiang.” it served as the national standard during the qing dynasty. it was meant to show that the imperial ruler were just and open to rectification. on the other side there is a stone sundial, an ancient timepiece. the jialiang and the sundial were probably meant to show what the emperor represented: that he was the only person who should possess the standards of both measure and time.
in the very forefront of the hall of supreme harmony , there are 12 scarlet , round pillars supporting the roof. the hall is 63 meters from east to west and 37 meters from north to south, it is 35 meters in height. in front of this architechture, there stands a triple terrace with five staircases leading up to the main entrance .it has 40 gold doors and 16 gold-key windows with colored drawings on the pillars and beams. in the middle of the hall, a throune carved with 9 dragons sits on a 2-meter-high platform. behind the throne there is a golden screen and in front of it, there is a imperial desk . the flanks are decorated with elephants, luduan(a legendary beast), cranes, and incense barrels. the elephant carries a vase on its back that holds five cereals(i. e. rice, two kinds of millet, wheat and beans),which was considered a symbol of prosperity. as ancient legend has it that luduan can travel 18,000 li (9,000 kilometers )in one day and knows all languages and dialects. only to a wise adjust monarch will this beast be a guardian.
the hall of supreme harmony is also popularly known as jinluan dian (gold bell hall or the throne hall). the floor of the hall is laid with bricks that turn it into a smooth, fine surface as if water has been sprinkled on it .the so-called golden brick, in fact, has nothing to do with gold. reserved exclusively for the construction of the royal court, it was made in a secretive, and complex way, and, when struck, sounds like the clink of a gold bar. each brick was worth the market price of one dan (or one hectoliter ) of rice.
the hall is supported by a total of 72 thick pillars .of these, 6 are carved in dragon patterns and painted with gold and surround the throne. above the very center of this hall there is a zaojing, or covered ceiling, which is one of the specialities of china `s ancient architure. in the middle of the ceiling is a design of a dragon playing with a ball inlaid with peals. this copper ball, hollow inside and covered with mercury, is known as the xuanyuan mirror and is thought to be made xuanyuan, a legendary monarch dating back to remote antiquity. the placing of the caisson above the throne is meant to suggest that all of china` s successive emperors are zuanyuan` s descendants and hereditary heirs. now you might have noticed that the xuanyuan mirror is not directly above the throne. why? it is rumored that yuan shikai, a self-acclaimed warlord-turned emperor moved the throne further back because he was afraid that the mirror might fall on him .in 1916 when yuan shikai became emperor, he removed the original throne with a western-style, high-back chair. after the foundation of the people` s republic of china in 1949 the throne was found in a shabby furniture warehouse. it repaired and returned to the hall.
(leading the tourist to the bronze vats either on the east or the west)
the water vats in front of the palaces or house were called “menhai,” or sea before the door by the ancient chinese. they believed that with a sea by the door, fire could not wreak havoc. the vats served both as a decoration and as a fire extinguisher. they were kept full of water all year round.
during the qing dynasty, they were altogether 308 vats in the palace enclosure. they were made of gilt bronze or iron. of couse, the gilt bronze vats were of the best quality. when the allied forces (britain, germany, france, russia, the united states, italy, japan and austria) invaded beijing in 1900 under the pretext of suppressing the boxer rebellion, the invaders ransacked the imperial compound and scraped and gold off the vats with their bayonets. during the japanese occupation of beijing, many vats were trucked away by the japanese to be made into bullets .
(in front of the hall of complete harmony)
the square architecture before us is called the hall of complete harmony. it served as an antechamber. the emperor came here to meet with his countiers and add his final touches to the prayers which would be read at the ancestral temple. the seeds, snowers and prayer intended for spring sowing were also examined here. the two qing sedan chairs here on display were used for traveling within the palace during the reign of emperor qianlong.
(in front of the hall f preserving harmony)
this is the hall of preserving harmony. during the qing dynasty, banquets were held here on new year` s eve in honour of mongolian and northwestern china` s xingjiang princes and ranking officials. the emperor also dinned here with his new son-in-law on the wedding day. imperial examinations were also held here once every three years. during the ming and qing dynasties, there were three levels of exams: the county and prefectural level, the provincial level and national level. the national exam was presided over by the emperor. the civil service exam in ancient china started during the han dynasty. it served the purpose of recruiting confucian scholars to the ministers and high officials. during the tang and qing dynasties reinstituted and ancient system. once every three years, three hundred scholars from all over the country came to beijing and took exams for three day and night. this system was abolished in 1905.
(behind the hall of preserving harmony)
this is the largest stone carving in the palace . it is 16.73 meters long, 3.07 meters wide and 1.7 meters thick .it weighs about 200 tons. the block was quarried in fangshan county, roughly 70 kilometers away. to transport such a huge block to beijing, laborers dug wells along the roadside half a kilometer apart, and used the groundwater to make a road of ice in the winter. rolling blocks were used in the summer. in 1760, emperor qianlong of the qing dynasty ordered the carving of the existing cloud and dragon design in place of the old one which dated back to the ming dynasty.
note : from here, the tour can be conducted via three different routes: a western route(route a), a central route (route b) or an eastern route (route c) .the commentary for each follows.
route a
ladies and gentlemen:
you have seen the three main halls of the forbidden city. now i ` d like to show you around the hall of mental cultivation and the imperial garden . the hall of mental cultivation is situated is in the western part of the innermost enclosure and is symmetrical to fengxian (enshrinement of forebears) hall in the east. this hall was built during the ming dynasty. it is a h-shaped structure consisting of an antechamber and a main building .the hall is surrounded by corridors. in front of the hall is the office of privy council.
before emperor kangxi of qing the dynasty came to power the hall of heavenly purity served as the living quarter of the emperors. emperor yongzheng chose to live in this hall and attended to every day state affairs from here .for the sake of protecting cultural relics, this hall is not open to the public .you can have a look at the inside from the door. the central hall was the audience chamber where the emperor read memorials, granted audience to officials and summoned his minsters for consultation. the western chamber of the hall was where the emperor read reports and discussed military and political affairs. the hall consists of many inner rooms and is decorated with images of buddha and miniature pagodas. on the screen wall there hangs a picture of two emperors in the han costume. in a southern room there three rare calligraphic scrolls, hence the name of the room “sanxitang” (room of three rare treasures) . the room on the eastern side is of historical interst because it was here that empress dowager cixi usurped power and made decisions on behalf of the young emperor . a bamboo curtain was used to separate them .
empress dowage cixi was born in 1835 in lu` an prefecture of shanxi province. she` s of manchurian nationality and her father was a provincial governor from south china. when she was 17 years old ,she was selected to become a concubine of emperor xianfeng and moved into the forbidden city. she gave birth to a son when she was 21years old and was made a concubine the following year. when the emperor passed away in the summer of 1861, her son ascended the throne and title of cixi, meaning “holy mother” was conferred upon her and she became the empress dowager. in that same year empress dowager cixi carried out a count coup d` etat and ruled behind the scenes with another empress dowager, ci` an, for 48 years. she passed away in 1908 at the age of 73. it was in reference to this situation that the term “attending to state affairs behind a bamboo curtain” developed .in 1912 , empress dowager longyu declared the abdication of the last qing emperor puyi. they were allowed to remain in the forbidden city for the next 13 years .the royal family was forced to move out permanently in 1924.
behind the central hall were the living accommodation of 8 successive qing emperors .three of them actually passed away here. the side rooms flanking the hall were reserved for empresses and concubines. now let` s continue with our tour. it will take us to the hall of heavenly purity , the hall of union and peace ,the palace of earthly tranquility, and the imperial garden.
route b
(inside the hall of heavenly purity)
ladies and gentlemen:
we are now entering the inner court. from the gate of heavenly purity northward lies the inner court where the emperors and empresses once lived .the hall of heavenly purity is the central hall of the inner court ,and was completed during the reign of emperor yongle of the ming dynasty. there are 10 pillars supporting the entire structure and the hall is 20 meters in height .in the center of the hall there a throne. above it hangs a plaque with an inscription that reads “be open and above-board,” written by shenzhi,the first emperor of the qing dynasty. beginning with qianlong` s reign, the name of the successor to the throne was not publicly announced .instead, it was written on two pieces of paper, one to be kept on the emperor` s person throughout his reign, and the other placed in a small strongbox that was stored behind his plaque. the box was opened only after the emperor passed away. altogether there where 4 emperors who ascended the throne in this way, namely qianlong, jiaqing, daohuang and xian feng.
the hall of heavenly purity was where the emperors lived during the ming and qing dynasties. according to tradition ,extravagant annual banquets were held here on new year` s eve in honour of royal family members. foreign ambassadors were received here during the late-qing period. two important “one thousand old men` s feasts” of the qing dynasty were also held here. all the invitees had to be at least 65 years of age.
this hall was also used for mourning services.
(inside the palace of union and peace)
this hall sits between the hall of heavenly purity and the palace of earthly tranquility, symbolizing the union of heaven and earth ,as well as national peace .it was first built in 1420 and reconstructed in 1798. the hall is square in shape ,and is smaller than the hall of complete harmony .you will see a plaque here inscribed with two chinese characters, wu wei, which were handwritten by emperor qianglong. a throne sits in the middle of the hall with a screen behind it .above the throne there hangs a caisson ,or covered ceiling. the emperor held birthday celebrations and other major events here.
in 1748 during emperor qianlong` s reign, 25 jade seals representing imperial authority were kept in this hall .no seals were allowed out of the room without the prior consent of the emperor. on each flack there is a water clock and a chiming clock.
(inside the palace of earthly tranquility)
this used to be the central hall where successive ming empresses lived. during the qing dynasty, it was converted into a place where sacrifices and wedding ceremonies were held .the room on the western side was used for sacrifices and the room on the east was the seeding chamber.
route c
ladies and gentlemen:
you have seen the three main halls of the forbidden city. now i` d like to show you around scenes of interest along the eastern route. the first is the treasure hall. this mansion is called the hall of imperial zenith. this is where sing emperor quailing lived after abdication. nearly 1,000 artifacts and treasures are on display here, among which the golden hair tower is one of the most famous. this tower is 1.53meters in height and its base is 0.53 meters in circumference .it was built under the order of emperor quailing to be used to collect fallen hair in commemoration of his mother. there is also a “day harnessing water jade hill ” on display here. yu was a legendary monarch of the remote ixia dynasty. under his leadership, the people learned how to harness the yellow river. this jade assemblage, 224 centimeters in height and 5 tons in weight, is the largest jade artwork in china. this mat was woven with peeled ivory. these artifacts are among china` s rarest treasures.
(in front of the nine-dragon screen)
this is the nine-dragon relief screen .erected in 1773,it is 3.5 meters in height and 29.4 meters in width. underneath is a foundation made of marble .the surface of the screen is laid with a total of 270 colored, glazed tiles in the design of 9 dragons ,some rocky mountains ,clouds and the sea. it was meant to ward off evil spirits the ancient chinese regarded 9 dragons, some rocky mountains, clouds and the sea. it was meant to ward off evil spirits .the ancient chinese regarded 9 as the largest numeral and the dragon as a auspicious beast .the 9 dragons are different in color and posture and all are made of glazed tiles. interestingly a piece of the third dragon from the left is made of wood. it is believe that when the nine-dragon screen was almost finished ,a piece of glazed tile was damaged .emperor qianlong was scheduled to inspect the work the following day .using quick wits, the craftsman in question molded the missing piece with clay and sailed through the imperial inspection. later ,he asked a carpenter to carve a wooden one to replace the one made of clay.
(approaching the imperial garden)
there main structure of the imperial garden is the qin` an hall. positioned in the central-northern part of the garden ,this hall is flanked by other halls and pavilions on the east and west. the hall sits on a marble pedestal. the taoist deity of zhenwu is enshrined here and emperor would pay homage here a quarterly basis. taoist rites were held during the reign of emperor jiajing of the ming dynasty. in front of the hall there is a cypress that is 400 years old .in all there are a dozen such rare trees in the garden, and most of them are cypresses or pines. to the northwest of the hall , there is the yanhui(sustaining sunshine) pavilion and to the northeast there lies the duixiu (accumulated refinement )hill. this hill was built over the foundation of the long- pershed guanhua (admiring flowers) hall of the ming dynasty.
behind the palace of earthly tranquility and trading the north-south axis is the imperial garden. there are old trees, rare flowers and exotic rock formation in this garden .it cover a space of 11,700 square meters, or roughly 1.7 percent of the forbidden city. most of the structures in the garden are symmetrically arranged . however, each is different in terms of parrern and decoration. woods clumps of bamboo screen off the garden and strengthens its deep and serene atmosphere.
北京故宮導(dǎo)游詞5
各位游客
大家好
我是這次旅游的導(dǎo)游姜佳婷。我很榮幸能夠帶領(lǐng)大家去故宮旅游。希望我能帶給大家最好的服務(wù)�，F(xiàn)在展現(xiàn)在我們面前的就是氣勢(shì)雄偉的古代宮殿—故宮了。大家看這四面就是宮墻，而且宮墻四面都建有高大的城門，南為午門也就是故宮正門，北為神武門，東為東華門，西為西華門，這宮墻四“門”的角樓都是風(fēng)格獨(dú)特、造型綺麗的�，F(xiàn)在請(qǐng)跟我一起去故宮中最大的宮殿太和殿看看！這里是明、清皇帝召見百官、發(fā)號(hào)施令、舉行慶典的地方。全殿面闊11間，進(jìn)深5間，外有廊柱，殿內(nèi)外共立72根大柱。殿高35米，殿內(nèi)凈空高達(dá)14米，寬63米，面積2377平方米，為全國(guó)最大的木構(gòu)大殿。
我再給大家介紹介紹其他的宮殿吧！現(xiàn)在我們來到了中和殿。中和殿是為帝王去太和殿途中的演習(xí)禮儀之地。保和殿，是皇帝宴請(qǐng)外藩王公貴族和京中文武大臣之處。我們?cè)賮砜纯次娜A殿。它是明代皇太子讀書處。乾清門是故宮中外朝和內(nèi)廷的分界處，由此向北便是內(nèi)廷。乾清宮是明、清皇帝居住和處理政務(wù)的地方。慈寧宮就是皇上住的'地方。你們看過《還珠格格》這部電視劇嗎？它就是在故宮里拍的。規(guī)劃嚴(yán)整，氣魄宏偉，極為壯觀，這就是我國(guó)的故宮。無論在平面布局，立體效果以及形式上的雄偉、堂皇、莊嚴(yán)、和諧，都屬無與倫比的杰作。它標(biāo)志著我國(guó)悠久的文化傳統(tǒng)，顯示著500余年前我國(guó)在建筑藝術(shù)上的卓越成就�，F(xiàn)在大家可以自由參觀，可是我要提醒大家一定要注意保持故宮環(huán)境。
北京故宮導(dǎo)游詞6
各位游客：
我叫周依琳，今天是你們的導(dǎo)游。
我們今天來到的地方是大家都知道的世界上最著名的歷史古跡-北京故宮歷史博物館。故宮博物館始建于1406年,建成于1420年,是明清兩朝的皇宮,又名紫禁城。故宮占地面積72萬(wàn)平方米,建筑面積15萬(wàn)平方米,屋子有9999間半，故宮四周饒10米高的城墻,外有50多米寬的護(hù)河城�，F(xiàn)在,我們已經(jīng)來到了北京故宮門前。各位游客,你們看,這座故宮的四個(gè)城角上都有一座九梁十八柱七十二條脊的角樓。故宮座北朝南，開有四條門。各位游客，這里就是故宮的正門，叫午門，意思是正午的太陽(yáng)光芒四射。各位請(qǐng)看!在10米高的城墻上聳立著五座崇樓，樓頂飛檐翅起，從上面看就象五只展翅欲飛的`鳳凰，故午門又稱五鳳樓�，F(xiàn)在我們已經(jīng)進(jìn)入了外朝皇帝處理政事的地方，它們主要有三大殿:太和殿、中和殿、保和殿�，F(xiàn)在,我們已經(jīng)來到了太和殿,它是三大殿中最為高大的,它金碧輝煌,這個(gè)臺(tái)基四周矗立成排的雕欄,稱為望柱,柱子上雕刻著云龍?jiān)气P的圖畫，末代皇帝溥儀就是在這里舉行了他的登基大典禮。看完了太和殿，我們?cè)賮砜粗泻偷�。大家�?qǐng)看!中和殿是皇帝在大典前等待吉時(shí)、稍事休息的地方。下面，請(qǐng)大家跟我來一起參觀當(dāng)時(shí)的國(guó)宴廳--保和殿。各位游客，這座大殿是故宮前朝三大殿中的最后一座大殿-保和殿，這座大殿被稱為清代的國(guó)宴廳及科舉考場(chǎng)，自乾隆皇帝以后，這里便成為每四年一次的皇家科舉考場(chǎng)。
各位朋友，現(xiàn)在我們來到了乾清宮，這是皇帝在紫禁城中居住和處理日常政事的地方。乾清宮分為中殿、東暖閣及西暖閣三個(gè)部分。正殿是皇帝處理日常政務(wù)、臨時(shí)按見大臣的地方，殿中設(shè)有皇帝寶座及御案，正中掛著一塊“正大光明”匾，那是清朝皇帝的祖訓(xùn)，作為治國(guó)、修身、平天下的基本準(zhǔn)則。東、西暖閣是皇帝晚上住宿的地方�，F(xiàn)在請(qǐng)各位隨我去參觀交泰殿。各位請(qǐng)看，這座四角攢尖頂?shù)拇蟮罱薪惶┑睿@座建筑是明清兩朝皇后過生日時(shí)舉行壽慶活動(dòng)的地方。在大殿后墻匾額上有“無為”二字，那里是康熙皇帝的御筆，意思是希望后代能夠以德制國(guó)，施以仁政，以圖國(guó)家長(zhǎng)治久安。各位朋友，現(xiàn)在我們來到了紫禁城的后花園--御花園，這里是帝后們的休閑娛樂的場(chǎng)所。等一會(huì)兒大家可以在這座名字叫堆秀山的假山前拍照留念。
故宮博物院還珍藏著近百萬(wàn)件以明清宮廷文物及宮中舊藏為主體的歷代傳世珍品，像世界知名的《清明上河圖》《五牛圖》�，F(xiàn)在，故宮的一些宮殿中設(shè)立了綜合性的歷史藝術(shù)館、繪畫館、分類的陶瓷館、青銅器館、明清工藝美術(shù)館、文房四寶館、珍寶館、鐘表館和清代宮廷典章文物展覽等，大家照相完后就可以分別進(jìn)到這些館里面去參觀，但要記住一定要遵守故宮博物館的各項(xiàng)規(guī)定，保護(hù)好這些珍貴的文物，要注意以下事項(xiàng)：
1.不準(zhǔn)破壞文物.在墻上亂圖亂畫.
2.不準(zhǔn)破壞環(huán)境及隨地吐痰.
3.要注意安全,迷路了要即使打電話和我聯(lián)系
下午四點(diǎn)要在午門集合,現(xiàn)在解散。
北京故宮導(dǎo)游詞7
7796車上的游客：我姓羅，大家可以叫我羅導(dǎo)游。希望大家通過我的介紹，對(duì)北京故宮留下美好的印象，謝謝！
7796車上的游客，車已經(jīng)到了北京故宮的腳下，來！跟我走！現(xiàn)在展現(xiàn)在我們面前的是氣勢(shì)雄偉三故宮。故宮位于北京中心，又稱“紫荊城”，這里曾居住過24位皇帝，是明清兩代的皇宮，北京故宮是我國(guó)現(xiàn)存最大、最完整的工建筑群，總面積為12萬(wàn)平方米，有殿宇宮室9999間半，其中，最有名的.是三大殿，和天安門，宮殿四周圍著10米高340米長(zhǎng)的宮墻，墻外引人注目的護(hù)城河有52米寬。
三大宮殿中的太和殿是最富麗堂皇的建筑，也稱“金鑾殿”。是皇帝舉行大典的地方，殿高28米，東西63米，直徑1米的大柱子就有92根，御座設(shè)在殿內(nèi)高2米的臺(tái)上，后面有精雕細(xì)刻的圍屏，整個(gè)大殿金碧輝煌，莊嚴(yán)絢麗。
今天的觀光旅游將要結(jié)束，美麗的故宮歡迎您下次光臨，謝謝！
北京故宮導(dǎo)游詞8
你們好！歡迎你們來到故宮風(fēng)景區(qū)，我來自紅領(lǐng)巾旅行社，我叫王加冕，希望在我的帶領(lǐng)下，大家可以玩的愉快。
大家請(qǐng)看我身后，這就是故宮，這里曾是明清兩代的皇宮，它又叫紫禁城。這里共有24個(gè)皇帝在里面居住，它規(guī)模宏大，占地72萬(wàn)平方米，建筑面積15萬(wàn)多平方米，有房屋9999間半，是世界上最大最完美的古代宮殿建筑群。
游客們，現(xiàn)在請(qǐng)跟我一起游覽故宮吧！大家請(qǐng)看，這是太和殿，是“三大殿”之首。殿高35.05米，寬63米，面積2380平，又稱金鑾殿，是明清兩代皇帝即位、誕辰以及春節(jié)、冬至等慶典均在這里舉行。
這里是中和殿，在太和殿之后，也是“三大殿”之一。高27米，每邊21米，各三間，面積580平方米。這里是皇帝閱覽奏章和祝辭的`地方。再往前，就是保和殿，也是“三大殿”之一。高29米，面積1240平方米。這里把舉行三年一次的殿試由太和殿移至這里舉行。
親愛的游客們，故宮里的宮殿雄偉壯觀，多不勝數(shù)，大家可以去細(xì)細(xì)游覽，現(xiàn)在大家自由活動(dòng)，兩小時(shí)后在大門口集合，大家要注意安全。
北京故宮導(dǎo)游詞9
親愛的朋友們：
今天我將要帶大家參觀的是當(dāng)今世界上保存最完整的，也是我國(guó)古代最瑰麗的宮殿——故宮。在進(jìn)行正式參觀之前，我先通過導(dǎo)游詞給大家做一下簡(jiǎn)短的介紹。
故宮又名紫禁城，是我國(guó)古代明清兩代24位皇帝的皇宮。它坐落在北京中軸線的中心位置，占地面積約為72萬(wàn)平方米，是現(xiàn)存規(guī)模最大的'宮殿型建筑。紫禁城現(xiàn)存的殿宇有2631座，其中最著名的建筑有太和殿、中和殿、保和殿、文華閣、武英閣等等。北京故宮是我國(guó)重點(diǎn)文物保護(hù)單位，也是國(guó)家5A級(jí)風(fēng)景區(qū)，并入選了《世界文化遺產(chǎn)名錄》。由此可見，故宮博物館的歷史價(jià)值和文化意義。
聽了我通過導(dǎo)游詞的簡(jiǎn)單介紹，我想大家對(duì)故宮也有了一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的認(rèn)識(shí)。喜歡看宮廷劇的朋友們一定非常期待，想去看一看那些皇后、嬪妃們生活起居的地方，但是我不得不告訴大家，電視劇中拍攝的皇宮并不是故宮，而是仿照故宮專門用于拍攝的建筑。所以，故宮中有很多殿宇是不能進(jìn)入，只能遠(yuǎn)觀的，希望大家嚴(yán)格遵守要求，以免損壞了那些具有歷史價(jià)值的文物。同時(shí)，也希望大家做好文明旅客，不亂扔垃圾，不亂涂亂畫，希望大家配合。
聽了故宮導(dǎo)游詞，我想大家一定迫不及待了吧，那么我們現(xiàn)在就開始進(jìn)行參觀，請(qǐng)大家跟隨我的腳步一同揭開故宮神秘的面紗。
北京故宮導(dǎo)游詞10
女士們、先生們：
今天，我?guī)ьI(lǐng)大家去故宮參觀游覽。故宮又稱紫禁城，在北京城中心。占面積72萬(wàn)多平方米，宮殿有樓閣9900余間。是明、清兩代皇帝的住所。城四周各設(shè)一門，南面的正門是午門，北門叫神武門，東門叫東華門，西門叫西華門。據(jù)說，造就故宮就召集了全國(guó)著名的工匠23萬(wàn)人左右，民夫100萬(wàn)人，由此可以知道故宮多少大，有多少壯觀。故宮整個(gè)院落分為兩大部分，即“前朝”和“后寢”�！扒俺笔腔实叟e行盛大典禮的地方，以太和殿、中和殿、保和殿及東西兩側(cè)的文華殿及武英殿為主�！昂髮嫛笔腔实奂昂箦⑽闯赡甑淖铀脗兙幼〉牡胤�，主要以乾清宮、交泰殿、坤寧宮及東西六宮為主。
大家請(qǐng)看，這座建筑物就是午門，午門又稱五鳳樓。明代，每年正月十五，午門都要懸掛燈賜食百官。到了清代，這個(gè)活動(dòng)就取消了，此外，國(guó)家凡有征戰(zhàn)凱旋時(shí)，皇帝都要在此接受獻(xiàn)俘典禮，皇帝親征也從午門出駕。關(guān)于戲曲舞臺(tái)上“推出午門斬首”的說法，實(shí)際上是明代朝廷命官犯罪在午門廷杖，好，我們?cè)偻白摺?/p>
現(xiàn)在我們已來到了太和殿廣常這是銅香爐，這里一共有18 個(gè)，代表清朝18個(gè)剩東西兩側(cè)各有一只銅制的.仙鶴和龜，是代表長(zhǎng)壽的象征。看，現(xiàn)在展現(xiàn)在我們眼前的是太和殿，是整座紫禁城內(nèi)級(jí)別最高的建筑，只有皇帝舉行盛大典禮時(shí)才使用，象征皇權(quán)的至高無上，。太和殿俗稱金鑾殿，太和殿正面有12根大柱，東西約63米，高35米。整個(gè)大殿雕梁畫棟，一條條巨龍蜿蜒盤旋在大紅柱子上，這些龍姿態(tài)不一，刻畫的栩栩如生。整個(gè)宮殿也非常豪華富貴。殿內(nèi)有2米高的平臺(tái)，上面雕刻著9條金龍的寶座。后面有金漆圍屏，前面有御案。殿頂形式為最高等級(jí)的重檐廡殿頂，就連大殿正脊上的吻獸也是我國(guó)目前最大的，總之處處顯示“第一”。
看完了太和殿，我們?cè)賮砜粗泻偷�。大家�?qǐng)看!中和殿是皇帝在大典前等待吉時(shí)、稍事休息的地方。下面，請(qǐng)大家跟我來一起參觀當(dāng)時(shí)的國(guó)宴廳--保和殿。各位朋友，這座大殿是故宮前朝三大殿中的最后一座大殿，叫保和殿。這座大殿被稱為清代的國(guó)宴廳及科舉考常
現(xiàn)在我們來到了乾清宮，這是皇帝在紫禁城中居住和處理日常政事的地方。乾清宮分為中殿、東暖閣及西暖閣三個(gè)部分。正殿是皇帝處理日常政務(wù)、臨時(shí)按見大臣的地方，殿中設(shè)有皇帝寶座及御案，正中掛著一塊“正大光明”匾，那是清朝皇帝的祖訓(xùn)，作為治國(guó)、修身、平天下的基本準(zhǔn)則。東、西暖閣是皇帝晚上住宿的地方。
現(xiàn)在請(qǐng)各位隨我去參觀交泰殿。各位請(qǐng)看，這座四角攢尖頂?shù)拇蟮罱薪惶┑�，這座建筑是明清兩朝皇后過生日時(shí)舉行壽慶活動(dòng)的地方。在大殿后墻匾額上有“無為”二字，那里是康熙皇帝的御筆，意思是希望后代能夠以德制國(guó)，施以仁政，以圖國(guó)家長(zhǎng)治久安。
各位朋友，現(xiàn)在我們來到了紫禁城的后花園--御花園，這里是帝后們的休閑娛樂的場(chǎng)所。大家可以在此拍照留念。
由于時(shí)間關(guān)系，我們就先講到這里，下面給大家2小時(shí)自由參觀的時(shí)間，請(qǐng)大家不要在墻上亂涂亂畫，保護(hù)文化遺產(chǎn)，希望大家玩的愉快。
北京故宮建筑形制
建筑規(guī)模
北京故宮由明朝皇帝朱棣始建，設(shè)計(jì)者為蒯祥（1397—1481年，字廷瑞，蘇州人）。占地72萬(wàn)平方米（長(zhǎng)961米，寬753米），建筑面積約15萬(wàn)平方米，占地面積72萬(wàn)平方米，用100萬(wàn)民工，共建了14年，有房屋9999間半，實(shí)際據(jù)1973年專家現(xiàn)場(chǎng)測(cè)量故宮有大小院落90多座，房屋有980座，共計(jì)8707間（而此“間”并非現(xiàn)今房間之概念，此處“間”指四根房柱所形成的空間）。
建筑造型
故宮前部宮殿，當(dāng)時(shí)建筑造型要求宏偉壯麗，
庭院明朗開闊，象征封建政權(quán)至高無上，太和殿坐落在紫禁城對(duì)角線的中心，四角上各有十只吉祥瑞獸。故宮的設(shè)計(jì)者認(rèn)為這樣以顯示皇帝的威嚴(yán)，震懾天下。后部?jī)?nèi)廷卻要求深邃、緊湊，因此東西六宮都自成一體，各有宮門宮墻，相對(duì)排列，秩序井然。內(nèi)廷之后是宮后苑。
故宮宮殿是沿著一條南北向中軸線排列，三大殿、后三宮、御花園都位于這條中軸線上。并向兩旁展開，南北取直，左右對(duì)稱。這條中軸線不僅貫穿在紫禁城內(nèi)，而且南達(dá)永定門，北到鼓樓、鐘樓，貫穿了整個(gè)城市.
北京故宮導(dǎo)游詞11
各位游客：
大家好！
今天我們游覽的是北京故宮。我是導(dǎo)游詩(shī)雨，大家叫我小詩(shī)就行了。希望我能帶給大家最好的服務(wù)。
故宮，又稱紫禁城，是中國(guó)明清兩代的皇宮。它是世界上現(xiàn)存規(guī)模最大最完整的古代木結(jié)構(gòu)建筑群。它始于明永樂四年，歷時(shí)14年才完工。共有24位皇帝先后在此登基執(zhí)政，統(tǒng)治中國(guó)長(zhǎng)達(dá)500余年。
現(xiàn)在展現(xiàn)在我們面前的就是氣勢(shì)雄偉的古代宮殿故宮了。大家看，這四面墻就是宮墻了，而且宮墻四面者建有高大的`城門，南為午武門，東為東華門，西為西華門，宮墻四門的角樓都是風(fēng)格獨(dú)特，造型綺麗的�，F(xiàn)在請(qǐng)跟我一起去故宮中最大的宮殿太和殿看看！這里是明、清皇帝召見百官，發(fā)號(hào)施令，舉行慶典的地方。全殿有11間房，進(jìn)深5間，外有廊柱，殿內(nèi)外凈空高達(dá)14米，寬達(dá)63米，面積2377平方米，為全國(guó)最大的木構(gòu)大殿。
中和殿是為帝王去太和殿途中的演習(xí)禮儀之地，保和殿是皇帝宴請(qǐng)外藩王公貴族和京中文武大臣之處，文華殿是明代皇太子讀書處。乾清門是故宮中外朝和內(nèi)廷的分界處，由此向北便是內(nèi)廷。
朝清宮是明、清皇帝住的`地方。規(guī)劃嚴(yán)整，氣魄雄偉，極為壯觀，這就是我國(guó)的故宮。無論在平面布局，立體效果以及形式上雄偉、堂皇、莊嚴(yán)、和諧都屬于無與論比的杰作。它標(biāo)志著我國(guó)悠久的文化傳統(tǒng)，顯示著500余年前我國(guó)在建筑藝術(shù)上的卓越成就。
各位游客，我們今天的瀏覽就要結(jié)束了。非常高興能與大家度過這段美好時(shí)光。對(duì)我今天的導(dǎo)游有什么不滿意之處，請(qǐng)您指正。祝大家玩得愉快！謝謝。
北京故宮導(dǎo)游詞12
大家好，歡迎大家來到北京。北京有許多名勝古跡，今天我?guī)ьI(lǐng)大家參觀是著名故宮。我是大家導(dǎo)游，我姓胡，大家可以叫我胡導(dǎo)，但大家請(qǐng)放心，我決不會(huì)給大家“胡導(dǎo)”。這位是我們司機(jī)師傅，也姓胡。所以，本次參觀就由我們“二胡”組合來為大家服務(wù)。
我們現(xiàn)在正在去故宮路上，借著這點(diǎn)時(shí)間，我先給大家介紹一下故宮。故宮是我國(guó)現(xiàn)存最大最完整皇宮，在世界上堪稱最為壯麗古代建筑群，已有近600年歷史。故宮是我國(guó)明、清兩代24個(gè)皇帝皇宮。故宮建筑布局分為外朝和內(nèi)廷。外朝是皇帝舉行大典和召見大臣主要場(chǎng)所，內(nèi)廷是皇帝處理日常政務(wù)和后妃及幼年皇子居住游玩地方。故宮共有宮殿9000多間，雕梁畫柱，金碧輝煌，非常華麗威嚴(yán)。
好，現(xiàn)在我們已經(jīng)到達(dá)停車場(chǎng)，請(qǐng)大家跟隨我進(jìn)入故宮。在進(jìn)門之前，我要提醒大家：面對(duì)我們祖先留下這些珍貴文物時(shí)，要格外珍惜，不要損壞。
最后，祝大家本次參觀玩開心。
北京故宮導(dǎo)游詞13
各位游客：
大家好！今天我是你們的導(dǎo)游，大家可以叫我鄒導(dǎo)，我現(xiàn)在將帶著你們游覽故宮。請(qǐng)大家一邊走，一邊聽我的介紹！
游客們，你們知道嗎？故宮位于北京城的中心，它舊的名字叫紫禁城，同時(shí)，它也是明、清兩代的皇宮，是當(dāng)今世界上規(guī)模最大、建筑最雄偉、保存最完整的古代皇宮。故宮是明朝永樂皇帝建成，到今天已經(jīng)有580年的歷史了！
現(xiàn)在請(qǐng)大家跟我去故宮中最大的宮殿——太和殿看看！這里是皇上見百官、發(fā)號(hào)施令、舉行慶典的地方。全殿面有11間房，外有廊柱，殿內(nèi)外共立72根大柱，殿高35米，寬63米，總面積約2376平方千米，為世界上最大的.木構(gòu)宮殿。當(dāng)然，它的旁邊是慈寧宮，慈寧宮就是太后居住的地方了。大家看見了嗎？從慈寧宮旁邊的小路上走過去，就是中和殿了。現(xiàn)在我們來到了中和殿，中和殿是為帝王去太和殿途中的演習(xí)禮儀之地�，F(xiàn)在，大家可以自由參觀了，但是，我一定要提醒大家不要亂丟垃圾，要保持故宮的環(huán)境衛(wèi)生哦！
啊！這么快就要告別了，真舍不得你們！如果下次你們?cè)賮碛斡[，我還會(huì)再當(dāng)你們的導(dǎo)游！
北京故宮導(dǎo)游詞14
各位游客大家好，我是xx旅行社的導(dǎo)游員，我姓x，在接下來的幾天當(dāng)中，我將陪伴大家共同游覽北京的名勝風(fēng)景，期望經(jīng)過我的講解，能夠是您對(duì)北京留下十分完美的印象，同時(shí)也期望您能對(duì)我的工作提出寶貴的意見。好，此刻我們就開始今日的游覽行程吧。
故宮占地72萬(wàn)平方米，其中建筑面積為16.3萬(wàn)平方米，南北長(zhǎng)961米，東西寬753米，周圍有10米高的城墻環(huán)繞，還有寬52米的護(hù)城河，在四角都建有一座精美的角樓。根據(jù)1973年的統(tǒng)計(jì)，故宮有大小院落90多座，房屋有980座，共計(jì)8704間。明朝永樂皇帝朱棣登基不久，在永樂四年，也就是1406年下詔營(yíng)建北京紫禁城。修建分為兩個(gè)階段，第一階段是從永樂四年開始備料，而第二階段就是在永樂十五年，1417年六月開始動(dòng)工興建，歷時(shí)14年，在永樂十八年，1420年完工。在建造過程中，征集了全國(guó)10萬(wàn)名能工巧匠和民夫100萬(wàn)人，而建筑材料都來自全國(guó)各地，比如漢白玉石來北京房山，金磚來自蘇州，石灰來自河北易州，五色虎皮石來自河北薊縣盤山，殿基所用的精磚石來自山東臨清，松木多來自東北，而楠木多來自四川、云貴、浙江等地，可見當(dāng)時(shí)工程的浩大。故宮基本上是按照明中都皇宮的藍(lán)圖而修建的，布局規(guī)劃遵循了《周禮考工計(jì)》的都城設(shè)計(jì)禮制：前朝后寢，左祖右社。大致分為南北兩個(gè)部分，南半部位前朝，北半部則為后寢。前朝是以太和、中和、保和三大殿為中心，文華殿和武英殿為東西兩翼，是皇帝舉行朝會(huì)的地方。而后寢則是以乾清、交泰、坤寧這后三殿以及東西六宮、御花園為中心，外東路、外西路的建筑為主，是皇帝處理
日常政務(wù)和后宮皇妃居住、祭祀的地方。左祖右社是這樣布局的：在午門外東側(cè)是皇帝祭祖的場(chǎng)所太廟，西側(cè)則是祭社稷的場(chǎng)所社稷壇。按照這種布局建筑而成的故宮就是明清兩代24位皇帝的皇宮，其中明朝14位，清朝10位，統(tǒng)治時(shí)間總共長(zhǎng)達(dá)五個(gè)世紀(jì)。由于它在中國(guó)歷史上的特殊地位和它精美的建筑群體，所以在1987年被聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織收錄到了《世界文化遺產(chǎn)名錄》當(dāng)中，成為世界上規(guī)模最大、保存最完整的.宮殿建筑群。此刻在北京有一條貫穿南北的中軸線，被梁思成先生稱為偉大的中軸線，全長(zhǎng)8.5公里，南起永定門，北到鐘樓，其中包括故宮在內(nèi)的皇城就占了三分之一。這條中軸線也叫做龍脈，線上的景山是內(nèi)城的中心點(diǎn)，也是故宮的鎮(zhèn)山。
我們有時(shí)候還把故宮叫做紫禁城，而它的名稱是怎樣得來的呢我國(guó)古代天文學(xué)家把天上的主要恒星分為三垣、四象和二十八星宿。三垣是太微垣、紫微垣和天市垣。其中紫薇垣居中，是天上皇帝所居住的地方，稱為紫宮。封建帝王自稱是天帝的兒子，所以他們也把自我居住的皇宮象征為天上的紫宮。并且皇帝居住的地方戒備森嚴(yán)，不許庶民百姓接近，是絕對(duì)的禁地，又稱為禁宮，所以那里也被叫做紫禁城。那里共有四道門，分別是午門、神武門、東華門和西華門。而紫禁城的正門就是午門，因?yàn)樵诹_盤上，上午的代表正南，所以午門也是南大門的意思。它的平面呈“凹”字型，從漢代的門闕形制演變過來。下端有高12米的墩臺(tái)，正中的墩臺(tái)上頭有門樓，兩側(cè)還設(shè)有鐘鼓亭，東西兩側(cè)突出的部分叫觀，上部各有廊廡13間，兩端還建有重檐攢尖方亭。中央的廣場(chǎng)叫闕。在明清兩代，那里是朝廷舉行頒朔大典和獻(xiàn)俘典禮的地方。正中開了三道門，兩側(cè)都有掖門，這種做法稱為“明三暗五”。五個(gè)門洞都有各自的用途：中門是皇帝專用的，或者皇帝大婚的時(shí)候，皇后能夠從那里入宮，科考三甲也能夠從那里入宮；平時(shí)，文武百官走左門，宗室王公走右門；掖門僅有在大型活動(dòng)的時(shí)候才開，三品以下的官員按照文東武西分別經(jīng)過東西掖門，外國(guó)使節(jié)要從西掖門才能夠入宮；在殿試的時(shí)候，考生分單雙號(hào)，從東西掖門中經(jīng)過。
進(jìn)入午門，我們首先看到的就是內(nèi)金水河，它自西向東蜿蜒流過太和門廣場(chǎng)，上邊還有五座漢白玉石橋，就是內(nèi)金水橋了。內(nèi)金水河的作用不僅僅是故宮中排水的主要通道，也是建筑和滅火的主要水源，同時(shí)還起到了點(diǎn)綴景觀的作用，使太和門廣場(chǎng)在雄渾中不失秀美。
在太和門兩旁還有兩道門，就是德昭門和貞度門。每逢皇帝出宮，都要在太和門換車，并且皇帝大婚的時(shí)候，皇后也要從太和門進(jìn)入皇宮。在光緒四年的時(shí)候就發(fā)生了這樣一件事：在光緒皇帝大婚前夕，太和門突然被火燒毀了，可是大婚當(dāng)天皇后要從那里經(jīng)過，所以朝廷就在北京尋找了能工巧匠，連夜用彩綢還有木料搭建了一座假的太和門，才使得婚禮如期進(jìn)行，而在第二年，太和門才重建完成。
殿內(nèi)的陳設(shè)也十分的多。金鑾寶座是明代的遺物，清朝的皇帝繼續(xù)使用。在袁復(fù)辟的時(shí)候，以往將它換成了一個(gè)中西合璧，不倫不類類似沙發(fā)的座椅，解放以后，專家們?cè)诩揖邘?kù)中發(fā)現(xiàn)了原先的寶座，經(jīng)過一年多的整修，最終恢復(fù)了它本來的面貌。
殿內(nèi)的地平床高6尺多，上頭設(shè)有屏風(fēng)，寶座等，在臺(tái)面上還有香亭、仙鶴等等。在皇帝上朝的時(shí)候，就要點(diǎn)燃檀香，烘托出一種神秘的氣氛。殿中有一只象，身上駝著寶瓶，里面放有五谷，寓意天下太平，吉慶有余。而象身四腳立地，穩(wěn)如泰山，象征社會(huì)和政權(quán)的穩(wěn)固。稱為太平有象。角端，是傳說中的一種神獸，象征著當(dāng)今皇帝是圣明之君。仙鶴被古人認(rèn)為是一種長(zhǎng)壽鳥，象征著江山長(zhǎng)存。香亭是從香爐演變而來的，放在殿中，象征著國(guó)家安定。
北京故宮導(dǎo)游詞15
各位游客好，歡迎大家來到北京故宮。今天就由我給大家介紹這里的風(fēng)景名勝。
請(qǐng)大家跟著我的腳步，我們面前的就是著名的故宮博物院。好，跨進(jìn)這個(gè)大門，我們就來到故宮到廷三大殿中最大的一殿——太和殿，民間俗稱“金鑾殿”。它建于明永樂十八年也就是1420年，清康熙三十四年就是1695年重建，大家猜猜太和殿高多少，面積多少呢?沒錯(cuò)，它高35米左右，面積有2377平方米，差不多有55間教室那么大，由72根大柱支撐著全部重量，是故宮中最高大建筑。
你們瞧!里面裝飾得金碧輝煌，正中間一個(gè)有寶座，寶座并置于6根盤龍金柱之間，以突出帝王唯我獨(dú)尊的`地位。九龍寶座用楠木雕龍涂金而成，可精致了!
大家一起向右走，前面就來到中和殿了。中和殿的大殿平面呈方形，黃琉璃四有攢尖頂，可氣派了!大家知道嗎?那時(shí)皇帝就是在這里進(jìn)行親祭、批閱奏書的。
大家跟我一起往前走，這塊空地上最顯眼的就是云龍石雕。這是故宮中最大的一座石雕。石長(zhǎng)16.57米，寬3.07米，厚1.7米，重達(dá)兩百多噸呢!大家可以湊近看一看，石雕四周刻有纏枝蓮花紋，下部為海水江涯，中間雕刻著流云襯托著九條蟠龍和州龍，云龍栩栩如生，雕刻精細(xì)。
今天的講解到此結(jié)束，大家可以自行參觀。我想提醒大家：注意看到任何東西絕對(duì)不能用手觸摸，以保護(hù)這珍奇的文物。我們20分鐘后在這里集合。再見!祝大家玩得開心。
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