介詞短語在句中分析與翻譯的實例04

46．　If an engineer applies aformula or a tabulation or a curve blindly，　without knowing its history，its accuracy and the limits of its sapplicability，the results that he obtains will be neither intelligent nor practical．

　　如果一個工程師盲目地應用一個公式、一張圖表或一條曲線，而對它的來歷、精確度和應用范圍卻一無所知，那么他所得到的結(jié)果既不明智，也不實際。(without．．．a(chǎn)pplicability介詞短語作謂語applies的條件狀語。that引導定語從句，在句中作obtains的賓語。)



　47．The neutron carries no electrical charge and in some respects acts as though it were composed of a proton and electron combined，with the positive charge of the proton neutralized by the　negative charge of the electron．

　　中子不帶電荷，并且有點像是由質(zhì)子和電子結(jié)合而成的，質(zhì)子的正電荷被電子的負電荷中和了。(in somerespects，“在某些方面”，“有點”。act as though，“表現(xiàn)得似乎”。as though引導方式方法狀語從句，其謂語常用虛擬語氣。句末with引出介詞復合結(jié)構(gòu)，對前句的謂語作補充說明。)



　　48．We know that the rate of cooling from above the critical range will greatly change the structure and therefore the properties of any steel．

　　我們知道，從臨界溫度以上冷卻的速率會大大改變?nèi)魏我环N鋼的結(jié)構(gòu)，從而會改變其性能。(from above．．，“從……以上"，是雙重介詞。)



　　49．Increasing problems of all kinds with fossil fuel power plants are turning power and utility companiesmoreandmore tOtheuseOfnuclearpoweredelectricgeneratingplants．

　　礦物燃料發(fā)電廠所產(chǎn)生的問題日益增多，這就促使電力公司和公用事業(yè)公司越來越傾向于采用核動力發(fā)電廠。(problem．．．with，“在……方面產(chǎn)生的問題”，with有表示“范圍”。)



　　50．Ever since，people have had difficulty in deciding whether the hovercraft should be ranged　among ships,planes，or land vehicles—for it is something in between a boat and anaircraft．

　　從那以后，人們感到很難確定把這種氣墊船歸為哪一類：船、飛機還是車輛，因為它是一種介于船與飛機之間的交通工具。(in between，“介于兩者之間”，作定語修飾something。)



　　51．The electric resistance of a wire is the ratio of the potential difference between it stwo ends to the current in thewire．

　　導線的電阻等于該導線兩端之間的電位差與導線中電流的比值。(tothecurrent．．。是ratio要求的。the ratio of A to B，“A與B之比”。)



52．Pollution is caused either by man's release of completely new and often artificial substances into the environment，or by releasing greatly increased amounts of a natural substance，such as oil from oil tankers into the sea．

　　引起污染有兩種途徑：一是人們經(jīng)常把全新的人造物質(zhì)釋放到環(huán)境中，或是把大量的天然物質(zhì)譬如油輪溢出的石油釋放到海里。(此句為簡單句，主要是由兩個by引出的短語把這個句變得復雜了。第一個into是名詞~ease要求的。第二個into是動名詞releasing要求的。From oil tankers作定語修飾oil。)



　　53．Hardening of grey cast iron may be carried out by heating the casting to above the critical　range and then cooling it，usually in oil．

　　灰口鑄鐵的淬火過程是：先把鑄鐵加熱到臨界溫度以上，然后加以冷卻，通常在油里冷卻。(heating．．．to above，“把……加熱到……之上”。to above是雙重介詞。)



　　54．Motion in the most general sense，conceived as the mode of existance，the inherent attribute，of matter，comprehends a11 changes and processes occurring in the universe，from mere　change of place right up to thinking．

　　從最普遍的意義

上來看，可以認為運動是物質(zhì)存在的形式，是物質(zhì)的固有屬性，運動包括宇宙中所發(fā)生的一切變化和過程，從單純位置的變化直到思維。(主語是motion，謂語是comprehends，被一個介詞短語inthemostgeneralsense和一個分詞短語conceived as...隔開了。of　matter既說明existance，也說明attribute。介詞短語from．．．用來說明a11 changes and processes。)



　　55．The air is heated by the flame，expands，and thus becomes less dense．　Denser air flows in　from below and the result is that irregular layers of air of different densities are formed above the　flame．

　　空氣受火焰加熱而膨脹，于是變得比較稀薄。較密的空氣從底下流人，其結(jié)果是，火焰上 方形成了密度不同的不規(guī)則的空氣層�！�(flow in，　“流人”。from below，　“自下”，　“從下面”。 above the flame作地點狀語。)　

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