高二英語第九單元 Saving the Earth (拯救地球)

科目 英語
年級 高二
文件　high2 unit9.1.doc
標(biāo)題 Saving the Earth (拯救地球)
章節(jié) 第九單元
關(guān)鍵詞 高二英語第九單元
內(nèi)容 　　　
一、教法建議
【拋磚引玉】
同學(xué)們，你們讀過美國海洋生物學(xué)家萊切爾•卡遜的著作《寂靜的春天》（1962年）嗎 ？書中為我們描述的一個(gè)明天的寓言。從前，在美國的中部有這樣一個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)，那里的一切生物同其周圍的環(huán)境看來相處得非常和諧：它坐落在像棋盤般排列整齊的繁榮的農(nóng)場的中央，周圍是莊稼地，小山下果樹成林。春天，繁花點(diǎn)綴在綠色的原野上；秋天，透過松林的屏風(fēng)，橡樹、楓樹和白樺樹散射出火焰般的彩色光輝；冬天，道路兩旁也是美麗的，無數(shù)的小鳥飛來，潔凈而清涼的小溪從山中流出，形成了生活著鱒魚的綠蔭池塘。
小鎮(zhèn)一直是這個(gè)樣，直到許多年前的一天，第一批居民來到這里修建房屋，挖井筑倉，情況才發(fā)生了變化。從那時(shí)起，一個(gè)奇怪的陰影就籠罩了這個(gè)地區(qū)，一切都發(fā)生了變化，不祥的征兆降臨到村落里：神秘莫測的疾病襲擊了成群的小雞，牛羊紛紛病倒和死亡，到處是死神的幽靈。農(nóng)夫們訴說著他們多病的家庭，醫(yī)生們則為病人中出現(xiàn)的新病感到困惑不解。
一種奇怪的寂靜籠罩了這個(gè)地方。園中覓食的鳥兒不見了，曾經(jīng)蕩漾著烏鴉、鴿子、鷦鷯的合唱以及其它鳥鳴的聲浪的早晨，現(xiàn)在一切聲音都沒有了，只有一片寂靜覆蓋著田野、樹林和沼地。曾經(jīng)是多么吸引人的小路的兩旁，現(xiàn)在排列著仿佛是火災(zāi)浩劫后的焦黃的枯萎的植物。甚至小溪也失去了生命，因?yàn)樗�有的魚已經(jīng)死亡。這里已被生命所拋棄，留下來的只是一個(gè)寂靜的春天，無聲無息……
卡遜大膽地預(yù)言：“在人們的忽視中，一個(gè)狼狽猙獰的幽靈已向我們襲來，這個(gè)現(xiàn)象中的悲劇可能會很容易地變成一個(gè)我們大家都將知道的活生生的現(xiàn)實(shí)�！�30 多年過去了，卡遜“明天的寓言”卻不幸成為了今天的現(xiàn)實(shí)：以環(huán)污染、資源枯竭、能源危機(jī)、糧食短缺、人口爆炸、生物多樣性喪失以及技術(shù)危機(jī)等為表現(xiàn)形式的生態(tài)危機(jī)，這一切都在不斷加劇，使人類的生存和發(fā)展陷入了嚴(yán)峻的困境之中。人類在合理性地維系自身的生存和發(fā)展的同時(shí)，有陷入了理性和意志的無限擴(kuò)張所鑄就的“鐵籠”之中，人與自然關(guān)系的嚴(yán)重矛盾和沖突已經(jīng)達(dá)到一個(gè)令人深以為憂的危險(xiǎn)之界。
《呂氏春秋》中有：“竭澤而漁，豈不獲得？而明年無魚；焚而田，豈不獲得？而明年無獸�！边@些話是我們祖先維護(hù)自身生存和發(fā)展的基本價(jià)值觀念和行動(dòng)規(guī)范，體現(xiàn)了人類在環(huán)境保護(hù)和資源利用方面的一種樸素的、自覺的理性，代表了人類可持續(xù)發(fā)展觀念的源起。
《只有一個(gè)地球》的前言中指出：“毫無疑問，當(dāng)前大多數(shù)的環(huán)境問題，都是來自人類對生態(tài)的錯(cuò)誤行動(dòng)�！�…我們把征服自然看作是人類的進(jìn)步，這就意味著常因我們的錯(cuò)誤認(rèn)識而破壞了自然界。盡管作為物種之一的人類，在破壞和污染了自然界之后仍能生存下去，但是在這樣污穢的環(huán)境里，人類還能長期保持他的尊嚴(yán)嗎？”
因此，通過本單元的學(xué)習(xí)，同學(xué)們要深刻認(rèn)識到愛護(hù)人類共同享有的生物圈的重要性，充分了解環(huán)境污染的危害性和保護(hù)環(huán)境的重要性。
另外，通過學(xué)習(xí)語法中的過去分詞作表語和定語，可以更好地表達(dá)自己的思想，形象地描繪事物的景象。如：He was tired . (他累得精疲力竭。) 這里的 tired 就是過去分詞作表語，說明主語的狀態(tài)。
【指點(diǎn)迷津】
A. 大綱規(guī)定的單元日常核心交際用語指南
Agreement & Supposition (同意與推測)
同意和不同意是肯定和否定的另一種形式，但表達(dá)的不是某個(gè)事實(shí)的正確與否，而是對它的判斷和意見。英語中表示同意時(shí)盡可采用熱情而強(qiáng)烈的口氣，都不會過分。但如果對一令人不愉快的意見表示同意時(shí)，可能加上一些表示遺憾之類的詞語更為合適。
對某件事的真實(shí)性是否有把握，可以用委婉的語氣進(jìn)行推測。
● 同意和推測功能套語 30 句
1. It is a good idea to do … 干……是個(gè)好注意
2. I agree to your plan .
3. That\'s quite true .
4. That\'s what I was thinking .
5. You are probably right .
6. I couldn\'t agree more . 我完全同意。
7. I can\'t help thinking the same . = I think exactly the same . 我就是這么想的。
8. I agree completely / entirely / thoroughly / strongly . 我完全同意。
9. That\'s exactly my own opinion . = I\'m of exactly the same opinion . 我持完全相同的意見。
10. I don\'t think anyone would disagree . 我想沒有人會不同意。
11. If we go on polluting the world , it won\'t be fit for us to live in .
12. He must be 25 . 他一定 25 歲了。
13. He can\'t be 30 years old . 他不可能 30 歲了。
14. I think / suppose / guess he must come from a poor family .
15. Obviously / As a result , she lives in the lonely house . 很明顯她住在偏僻的房子里。
16. If he left at eight , he would have arrived by now . 如果他 8 點(diǎn)動(dòng)身，現(xiàn)在就該到了。
17. I am pretty sure that the lady was disappointed .
18. It seems clear to me that we are getting lazy in our old age . 人老了漸漸地懶惰起來，這一點(diǎn)在我看來很清楚。
19. Don\'t you think she\'s a bright student ? 你不認(rèn)為她是個(gè)聰明的學(xué)生嗎 ？
20. You\'d agree with me , wouldn\'t you ? 你同意我的看法，不是嗎 ？
21. I wonder if you would agree with me .
22. So do I . 我也一樣。
23. I think / suppose so . 我想是這樣的。
24. I agree with much of what you said , but things are not so easy .
25. Certainly . = Sure . = No problem . 沒問題。
● Model Dialogues 交際示范
A：Which is more difficult , science or English ?
B：Science , I think .
A：I quite agree with you . I also think science is as interesting as English .
B：No , I can\'t really agree with you . In my opinion , science is more interesting while English is less difficult .
A：Maybe you are right . But you can\'t drop science because it\'s very important .
B：No , I won\'t .
B. 單元重點(diǎn)新詞透視
1.damage 作不可數(shù)名詞或者動(dòng)詞是“毀壞，損害，損失”
Smoking can bring damage to your health . 吸煙會損害你的健康。
The fire has badly damaged the building . 大火嚴(yán)重地?zé)龤Я诉@座樓房。
測試要點(diǎn)：
(1) cause / do damage to sth 給某物造成損失，damage 的前面可以加表達(dá)程度的形容詞 great , much , serious , heavy , bad , a lot of , a great deal of , slight , little ，注意不用 small 。
The storm did much damage to the crop . 暴風(fēng)雨對農(nóng)作物造成許多損害。
No damage was done to the ship . 船沒有受到損害。
He did a lot of damage to the team . 他做了許多有損于該隊(duì)的事。
(2) damage 作可數(shù)名詞是“賠款，賠償費(fèi)”。
The insurance company has paid us damages . 保險(xiǎn)公司已經(jīng)把賠款付給了我們。
對比：The insurance company has paid for the damage . 保險(xiǎn)公司已經(jīng)賠償了損失。
(3) damage 含對某物的部分損壞，有時(shí)用于借喻中。
Do away with the bad habits that might damage yourself . 去掉那些有損你形象的壞習(xí)慣吧。
2. fit 作形容詞是“適合的，能勝任的”。作動(dòng)詞是“使適合，合身，相配，吻合，安裝”。作名詞是“合身得體的衣服”。
She is not fit to look after the old . 她不適合照看老年人。
（正）This pair of shoes fits me well / perfectly . 這雙鞋我穿著很合適。
（誤）This pair of shoes fits for me well / perfectly .
（正）This pair of shoes fits well / perfectly . 這雙鞋很合適。
This coat is a good fit . 這件大衣很合身。
Will you please help me fit a new door ? 你能幫我裝個(gè)新門嗎
測試要點(diǎn)：
(1) be fit for + 名詞是 “適合……”。be unfit for + 名詞是“不適合……”。
My niece is just the girl , who is fit for this job . = My niece is just the girl , who is fit to do this job .
Her son is unfit for the position , isn\'t he ? 她的兒子不勝任那個(gè)職務(wù)，是嗎 ？
(2) fit 作表語時(shí)其后的不定式用主動(dòng)形式代表被動(dòng)形式。作形容詞還表達(dá)“健康的，身體好的”。
（誤）This kind of food isn\'t fit to eat . 這種食物不能吃。
（正）This kind of food isn\'t fit to be eaten .
I hope you are keeping fit . 我希望你保持健康的體魄。
Keep fit and study hard . 注意身體，好好學(xué)習(xí)。
(3) fit 指大小、形狀的合適，引申為吻合、協(xié)調(diào)。suit 指合乎需要、口味、條件、地位，以及花色、款式等與某人的皮膚、氣質(zhì)、身材或身份相稱。match 多指大小、色調(diào)、形狀、性質(zhì)等的搭配。
This new jacket fits her well . 這件夾克很合她的身。
對比：This new jacket suits her beautifully . 這件夾她穿著真漂亮。
That colour suits you best .
Try the new key and see if it fits the keyhole .
Does this time suit you ?
No dish suits all tastes .
當(dāng)表示“使……適合”的意思時(shí)，fit 常與 for 連用；suit 常與 to 連用。
His experience fits him for the job .
He suited his speech to his audience . 他使自己的演講適合于聽眾。
The People\'s Great Hall and the Historical Museum match the Tian An Men beautifully . 人民大會堂和歷史博物館把天安門陪襯得極為美麗。
3. area 面積，地區(qū)，區(qū)域�？梢灾溉魏我粋�(gè)地區(qū)。
There are various kinds of wild animals in this area .在這個(gè)地區(qū)有各種各樣的野生動(dòng)物。
His farm covers a large area .
Some areas of the town is very dirty .
a desert area 沙漠區(qū)， an occupied area 被占領(lǐng)區(qū)，an earthquake-stricken area 地震災(zāi)區(qū)
測試要點(diǎn)：
(1) have / cover an area of 占地……
This park covers an area of 1,000 mu .
(2) in area 從面積上講
China is the largest country in Asia in area .
(3) with an area of 擁有……的面積
Our school is one with an area of 500 mu .
China is a country with an area of 9．6 million square kilometres . 中國領(lǐng)土面積達(dá) 960 萬平方公里。
(4) 區(qū)別 area , region , district
area 作“地區(qū)”指整體中較大的、界限不很分明的一部分，不是行政上的地理單位。
region 指具有更大的區(qū)域的固定邊界，是指行政管理區(qū)。
district 指特別劃定的具有特別意義并隸屬管轄的地區(qū)。
It is easy to find the area of the city where the wealthiest families live . 很容易找到城市中最富有的家庭居住的地區(qū)。
The area surrounding the North Pole is called the Arctic region . 北極周圍的地區(qū)稱為北極區(qū)。
This country has nine autonomous regions . 這個(gè)國家分為九個(gè)自治區(qū)。
The busiest shopping district in Beijing is around Wangfujing Street .
Have you ever been to the District of Columbia ?
4. cattle 牛（總稱）；家畜。
He has 5 ( head of ) cattle on the farm . 他在農(nóng)場有 5 頭牛。
Cattle feed on grass . 牛以草為食。
測試要點(diǎn)：
cattle 是具有生命意義的集體名詞，表復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)其后不要加 -s 。類似的還有：folk 人們，people 人們，人民，police 警察，poultry 家禽，force 人員.
The cattle are running along the hillside .
The police are after the thieves .
Only the people are the greatest .
5. living 活著的，現(xiàn)存的
They didn\'t find any living things on the moon , did they ?
He is believed to be one of the best living novelists . 他被認(rèn)為是當(dāng)今最優(yōu)秀的小說家之一。
測試要點(diǎn)：區(qū)別 living , alive , live , life ,
● alive ; living ; live ; lively ; life ; lives
這四個(gè)詞都有“活著”之意，它們的用法各不相同。
1. alive [[\'laiv] 意為“活著”，側(cè)重說明生與死之間的界限，既可指人，也可指物；可用來作表語，后置定語或賓補(bǔ)。雖有死的可能，但還活著。例如：
The badly wounded soldier was still alive when taken to the hospital .
He is dead , but his dog is still alive . 他死了，但他的狗仍然還活著。
No man alive is greater than he . 在活著的人中沒有人比他更偉大了。(注：此時(shí) alive 含有“在所有活著的……之中”)
He wanted to keep the fish alive . 他想讓魚活著。
living 意為“活著”強(qiáng)調(diào)說明“尚在人間”，“健在”，可用來指人或物，作定語或表語。例如：
Comrade Wang is really a living Lei Feng in our country .
My first teacher is still living . 我的啟蒙老師仍健在。
English is a living language . 英語的活的語言。
A living language should be learned through listening and speaking .
He is regarded as one of the best living writers at present . 他被認(rèn)為是當(dāng)代活著的最好的作家之一。
注意：living 前加上 the , 表示類別，指“活著的人們”。例如：
The living must finish the work of those dead . 活著的人必須完成那些死去的人的事業(yè)。
living 還可用于短語，例如：make a living 謀生。
live [laiv]“活著的”，通常指物，不指人，常用來作定語放名詞的前面。還指“實(shí)況轉(zhuǎn)播的”。例如：
a live wire 有電的電線，a live fish 一條活魚。
Do you like a live show or a recorded show ? 你是喜歡直播還是錄音 。
He said he had seen a live whale . 他說他看見過活鯨魚。
make a / one\'s living by + ing 通過干……謀生
lively [\'laivli] 則意為“活潑的”，“活躍”，“充滿生氣的”，可作定語、表語或賓補(bǔ)，既可指人，又可指物。例如：
Jenny is a lively girl . 詹妮是個(gè)活潑的女孩。
Everything is lively here . 這兒一切都生機(jī)勃勃。
He had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting . 他有一種奇特的方法，使他的課生動(dòng)有趣。
life 是名詞作生命可數(shù)，作生活不可數(shù)。其復(fù)數(shù)是 lives 。類似把 fe 變?yōu)?-ves 的還有：wife , shelf , leaf , half , loaf , thief , knife , wolf , self .
I prefer country life to city life .
These children are full of life . 這些孩子充滿火力。
Many people lost their lives in the accident .
all one\'s life 一生 ，true to life 栩栩如生，in one\'s life 在……的一生中，come back to life 蘇醒過來，live / lead a happy life 過著幸福的生活。
用 alive ; living ; live ; lively ; life ; lives 填空：
1) Both plants and animals are _____ things .
2) Who is the greatest man ______ ?
3) They were ______ and as happy as ever .
4) Millions of people hunt and fish for a _______ .
5) His lessons are ______ and interesting .
6) Many soldiers gave their for the liberation of China .
7) After a long time , he came back to .
8) In the animal world the strong while the weak die .
9) We are sorry that they are still a bitter today .
10) More attention should be paid to the people\'s standard .
答案：1. living 2. alive 3. lively 4. living 5. lively 6. lives 7. life 8.live 9. living , life 10. living
C. 單元重點(diǎn)詞組掃瞄
Lesson 33
1. What was the conference like ?
相當(dāng)于：What did you think of the conference ? / How do you like the conference ? / What\'s your opinion of the conference ?
2. cause / do damage to 給……造成損失或者破壞
The earthquake caused great damage to the city .
3. be fit for sb to do 適合某人干……
This house is fit for us to live in .
4. do something about 對……采取措施
You ought to do something about your child\'s injury .
5. think of ways of doing 千方百計(jì)地干……
They think of ways of prevent factories from polluting this town .
(6) hear about / of 聽說
How did you hear about our products ? 你是怎么知道我們的產(chǎn)品的 /
I\'ve been hearing quite a lot about him lately . 最近，我們一直聽人提起他。
(7) pay special attention to 特別注意……
It\'s a good idea to pay special attention to keeping fit . 特別注意鍛煉身體是個(gè)好注意。
(8) have large families 有很多人口的家庭
Lesson 34
1. cause … to … 引起……
Pollution has caused much damage to our earth . The causes of damage are obvious . 污染已經(jīng)對我們的地球產(chǎn)生巨大的損害。損害的原因是不言而喻的。
2. have a large population 人口眾多
This city has a population of more than 1.3 million .
Many parts of the world once had large populations . 世界上許多地區(qū)曾經(jīng)人口眾多。
3. in the heart of 在 …… 的中心
Dunhuang in China is deep in the heart of the Gebi Desert .
中國的敦煌在戈壁灘的腹地。
That hotel stands in the very heart of Guangzhou .
4. fail to do sth 未能……
The main speaker failed to come because of bad weather .
5. limit the numbers of 限制……的數(shù)量
One suggested answer is for farmers to limit the numbers of their cattle . 有人提出的解決辦法是讓農(nóng)民限制他們飼養(yǎng)畜牧的頭數(shù)。
The numbers of cars in our city must be limited . 我市的汽車輛數(shù)必須加以限制。
注意區(qū)別：the numbers of ……的總數(shù)，the number of ……的數(shù)目
6. in place 在適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢茫�在原來的地�?
Nothing is in place after the earthquake .
I hope you\'ll keep the books in place .
Are all the engineers in their places ? 所有的工程師都就座了嗎 ？
7. wash down 被雨水等沖走
So when it rains , the soil is washed down the hills and into the river .
Great quantities of soil were washed down the hillside by the storm .
8. blow away 刮走，吹走
The wind blew away the clouds . 風(fēng)吹散了烏云。
The wind blew away the clothes that were hanging on the line .
9. time and time again = time after time , time and again , again and again 多次，不斷地
Time and time again there are serious accidents that pollute the air .
The doctor told him time and time again to give up smoking .
10. a cloud of 一團(tuán)……的
A cloud of radiation crossed the whole of Europe . 一團(tuán)帶有輻射的塵埃穿越了整個(gè)歐洲。
11. as a result of … 由于……的結(jié)果
It\'s said that 125,000 people died in Russia as a result of illnesses caused bhy this accident .
12. hundreds of thousands of 成千上萬的
Hundreds of thousands of people were injured , many of the injured lost their sight .
Hundreds of thousands of people were listening to the speak in the square .
13. lose one\'s sight 傷失視力
The poor man lost his sight when he was 30 years old .
14. be present in / at 出現(xiàn)在6
Only 12 villagers were present last time .
15. pour into 大量流入
A crowd of football fans poured into the ground as soon as the gates were opened .
When I opened the window , bright sunlight poured into the room .
Lesson 35
1. five to ten million kinds 五百萬到一千萬
2. die out 消亡，消失，滅絕
Elephants would die out if men were allowed to shoot as many as they wished . 如果允許人們隨心所欲地射殺大象，大象就會絕種。
Many old customs are gradually dying out .
The strong wind is dying out .
As is known to us all , many animals have already died out .
3. an average of 平均是……
An average of 13 people were killed or injured in the traffic accidents .
The new car factory will produce an average 200,000 cars each year .
The average age of the girls in our class is 22 .
4. play a part in 在……起作用。play an important part in 在……起重要作用。
Women are playing an important part in our socialst construction . 婦女在社會主義建設(shè)中正發(fā)揮著重要作用。
Electricity plays an important part / role in our daily life .
The part that women have played is great .
We must make the young play their parts to the full .
5. a cause of death 死亡原因
6. in danger 處于危險(xiǎn)境地
You are in danger of being killed .
We are worried about the country , which is in danger of war .
The workers in danger must be rescued without delay . 必須立即挽救那些處于危險(xiǎn)中的工人們。
注意：out of danger 脫離危險(xiǎn)，擺脫危險(xiǎn)。be dangerous 危險(xiǎn)的。
7. three types of tiger living in China 生存在中國的三種老虎
8. a total of 總額，總量，總數(shù)有
A total of 160 people died in the earthquake .
This company has a total of 30 workers .
9. go on an organized trip to + 地點(diǎn)“去……團(tuán)體旅行”
10. fill in 填寫
Please fill in the blanks here with your name and address .
His discovery filled in the gaps in the fields of science and technology .
11. be interested to do 干……很感興趣
12. be busy (in) doing 忙于干……
We are busy going over our lessons .
13. take photographs / photos / pictures + of 拍攝……的照片
14. to one\'s joy 使某人高興的是。to one\'s great joy = to the great joy of sb = much to one\'s great joy
To the great joy of my friends , I have won the first .
15. in good condition 完好無損，健康良好，保養(yǎng)得好
He has been in good condition .
How can we keep the water in good condition in our village ?
注意：out of condition 身體不適
I can\'t go swimming today . I\'m out of condition .
二、學(xué)海導(dǎo)航
【學(xué)法指要】
單元易錯(cuò)用的熟詞釋疑
● POPULATION 能用復(fù)數(shù)嗎？
在 Lesson 34 課文第一段中有這樣一句：Many parts of the world , which once had large populations and produced plenty of crops , have become deserts . 這里的 population 為什么使用復(fù)數(shù)？
【釋疑】
◆ population 多用單數(shù)，指某國家或地區(qū)的人口。如果用復(fù)數(shù)，指世界不同地區(qū)的人口。例如：
Many parts of the world , which once had large populations and produced plenty of crops , have become deserts . 世界上許多地區(qū)曾經(jīng)人口眾多，五谷豐登，而今卻成了沙漠。
According to the latest census , China\'s population has increased . 根據(jù)最近的調(diào)查，中國的人口增加了。
◆ population 直接作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式指住在某地區(qū)的全體居民，為不可數(shù)名詞，但前面有 some , most 特別是分?jǐn)?shù)或者百分?jǐn)?shù)時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：
The population in these villages has to get its water from wells . 住在這個(gè)村子里的人必須自井中汲水。
The population of the city rose by 20% . 這個(gè)城市的人口增長了 20 % 。
Most of the population in this city are workers . 這個(gè)城市大多數(shù)人是工人。
At present about 38% of the Chinese population smoke . 目前中國大約有 38% 的人吸煙，
In India , however , the population of tigers has increased , from 2,000 in 1972 to about 5,000 in 1989 .
然而，在印度，老虎的數(shù)量增加了 ， 1972 年只有2，000 只，1989年增加到了大約5，000 只。
In the south most of the population live on rice . 在南方，絕大多數(shù)人以大米為食。
◆ 問“人口多少”用 ：what 或者 how large 。不用 how many 和 how much 等詞。說人口多用 large或者 great , 說人口少用small 。例如：
?What\'s the population of China ? 中國的人口是多少 ？
?China has a large population . 中國人口眾多。
The population of Japan is smaller than that of US . 日本的人口比美國的少。（注意對比中的 that 不要省略）
The population of Beijing is larger / greater than that of Xi\'an . 北京的人口比西安的多。
Do you know what the population of Africa is ? = Do you know how large / great the population of Africa is ? 你知道非洲的人口是多少嗎 ？
That country has a small population . 那個(gè)國家人口稀少。
What\'s the population of the world ? 全世界有多少人口 ？
This village has a population of about 1,500 .
◆ 在表達(dá)某地有多少人口時(shí)可以用：
地點(diǎn) + has a population of + 數(shù)詞 （+ people ）
The population of + 某地 + be + 數(shù)詞 。
地點(diǎn) + with a population of + 數(shù)詞
那個(gè)國家有 5，000 萬人口。
China has a population of 1,2 billion . 中國有 12 億人口。
That country has a population of fifty million ( people ) .
The population of that country is fifty million .
The country is one with a population of fifty million people .
◆ 當(dāng) population 表示抽象意義時(shí)，不加冠詞。例如：
Since 1949 , the people\'s living standard has been raised , causing a big rise in population . 自從 1949 年以來，在中國，人民的生活水平得到了提高，導(dǎo)致人口有了很大增加。
● appear ，seem ，look “看來像”嗎 ？
appear , seem , look 看來很相似，均有“好象，看起來象”之意，在使用時(shí)應(yīng)從以下幾方面：
一、含義上的差異
appear 是指根據(jù)事物的外表表象做出判斷的，但實(shí)質(zhì)上并不一定如此；seem是表示說話人主觀上的判斷，暗含有一定的根據(jù)，往往接近事實(shí)的判斷；look是根據(jù)視覺印象而得出的判斷，實(shí)質(zhì)上也可能如此。例如：
He has a small salary but he appears rich . 他工資很低卻顯得很富。(其實(shí)并非如此)
He seems rich . (I think he is rich .) 他看起來很富有。(根據(jù)個(gè)人的主觀判斷而推斷出)
He looks rich . 他很是富有。(從他花錢辦事的言行中可出感覺出)
二、用法上的差異
1. appear，look，seem 后均可帶名詞、形容語、to be 結(jié)構(gòu)。
He appeared / seemed / looked an honest man . 看來他是一個(gè)誠實(shí)的人。
He appeared (to be) sad when he heard the bad news . 當(dāng)他聽到這個(gè)壞消息時(shí)，似乎很悲傷。
注：在接 to be 結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，to be常常被省略。例如：
The flowers seem (to be) more beautiful at this time . 此時(shí)，花兒好象更漂亮。
2. look 可用于進(jìn)行時(shí)，而 seem , appear 一般不能。如：
You\'re looking quite a different person . 你現(xiàn)在的樣子完全是另一個(gè)人了。
3. appear 和 seem 之后可接動(dòng)詞不定式的各種形式，而 look 之后除了能接to be 結(jié)構(gòu)外，不接其它動(dòng)詞不定式形式。
He appeared to be proud of himself . 他好象為自己而驕傲。
She doesn\'t seem to have been to Beijing . 她好象沒有去過北京。
He looks to be the best person for the job . 他看來是做這項(xiàng)工作最合適的人。
4. look , seem 能與介詞 like 構(gòu)成習(xí)語，意思是“看上去象”，而 appear 卻不能。例如：
It seems like years since I last saw you . 自從上次見到你后，好象很久沒有見到你了。
The new building looks like a hospital . 這座新建筑物看起來象一座醫(yī)院。
5. seem , look 后均可接 as if , as though 引導(dǎo)的表語從句，若表示不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的事實(shí)，則用虛擬語氣，而 appear 則不能。例如：
It seemed / looked as if it was going to rain . 看起來天快要下雨了。
It seems as if he were to start at once . 看來好象他馬上就要?jiǎng)由怼?
6. appear 和seem 均可接 that 引導(dǎo)的從句，而 look 不能。
It seems / appears that the book is too difficult for us . 這本書好象對我們來說太難了。
It seems that John will win the race . 好象約翰能跑第一。
7. appear 和 seem 可用于there be 結(jié)構(gòu)中，而 look 不能。如：There appeared / seemed nothing to be done . 大家似乎覺得沒有辦法了。
There appears to have been an accident . 好象出了一次事故。
● do with 與 deal with 用法辨析
do with 與 deal with 都可作“處置”講的。do with 常與連接代詞 what 連用，而 deal with 常與連接副詞 how 連用，如：
1 . I don\'t know how they deal with the problem . (= I don\'t know what they do with the problem . )我不知道他們?nèi)绾翁幚磉@個(gè)問題。
2 . He is easy to deal with . (= He is easy to do with . 這時(shí)“do”是不及物動(dòng)詞)他是容易相處的人。這兩個(gè)詞組在使用時(shí)有細(xì)微的差別。一般地說，do with 表示“處置”、“忍受”、“相處”、“有關(guān)”等。如：
1 . They found a way to do with the elephant . 他們找到對付那頭大象的辦法了。
2 . We can\'t do with such carelessness . 我們不能容忍這種粗枝大葉的作風(fēng)。
3 . We are difficult to do with the new comer . 我們很難與新來的那個(gè)人相處。
4 . I have nothing to do with him . 我跟他無任何關(guān)系。
deal with 意義很廣，常表示“對付”、“應(yīng)付”、“處理”、“安排”、“論述”、“涉及”等。如：
1 . They could properly deal with all kinds of situations . 他能恰當(dāng)?shù)貞?yīng)付各種局面。
2 . Deal with a man as he deals with you . 以其人之道，還治其人之身。
3 . This is a book dealing with Asian problems . 這是一本論述亞洲問題的書。
4 . They have learned to deal with various persons . 他們學(xué)會了和各種人打交道。
● more 的左鄰右舍
含 more 的短語形式五花八門，常令人混淆不清。下面把它分解為左鄰(即左邊加詞語)，右舍(右邊加詞語)和左右逢源(即左右兩邊加詞語)三種情況。
1. 左鄰
◇ all the more 越發(fā)，更加。如：
She loves him all the more for his poverty . 她因他的貧困反而越發(fā)愛他了。
◇ no more 不再，如：
I saw her no more after that . 那以后我不再見到她了。
◇ (not)…any more 再。如：
I shall not do that any more . 我再不做那種事了。
◇ or more 或者更多。如：
Ten people or more were killed in the accident . 在這次車禍中死了十個(gè)人或者更多。
◇ once more 再一次(= once again) 。 如：
Please say that word once more . 請把那個(gè)單詞再說一遍。
◇ many more 多得多的，常用于修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞。如：
The first truck carries many more apples than the second one . 第一輛卡車運(yùn)的蘋果比第二輛運(yùn)的多得多。
◇ much more 多得多的，修飾不可數(shù)名詞；多得多(……得多)，修飾多音節(jié)形容詞或副詞的比較級。如：
There is much more water in this glass than in that one . 這個(gè)玻璃杯的水比那個(gè)玻璃杯的水多得多。
His illness was much more serious than we first thought . 他的病比我們最初想象的要嚴(yán)重得多。
◇ (and) what is more 而且，加之，常用作插入語。如：
Tom is a good husband to his wife and , what is more , a good father to his children . 湯姆是一個(gè)好丈夫，而且還是個(gè)好爸爸。
◇ the more…the more… 越 …… 越 …… 。如：
The more learned a man is , the more modest he usually is . 一個(gè)人越是有學(xué)問，就往往越是謙虛。
◇ the more…the less… 越…… 越不…… 。如：
The more you learn , the less you will feel you know . 你越學(xué)就越感到自己學(xué)識不夠。
2. 右舍
◇ more and more 越來越多的，修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞；越來越……，修飾多音節(jié)形容詞或副詞比較級。如：
More and more people are going abroad to study . 越來越多的人出國留學(xué)。
Beijing is getting more and more beautiful . 北京變得越來越美麗了。
◇ more or less 或多或少，差不多。如：
The crops will feel the effect of the drought more or less according to the quality of the soil . 作物按照土壤的性質(zhì)，或多或少會受到旱災(zāi)的影響。
◇ more than 多于，大于，不只是。如：
China Daily is more than a newspaper . 中國日報(bào)不只是一種報(bào)紙。
The TV set is made up of more than one hundred different parts . 電視機(jī)是由一百多個(gè)不同的部件組成的。
◇ more than one 不止一個(gè) 。 如：
More than one person made the suggestion . 不止一個(gè)人提出那個(gè)建議。
◇ more than once 不止一次。如：
I found him smoking and drinking more than once . 我不止一次地發(fā)現(xiàn)他抽煙、喝酒。
3. 左右逢源
◇ no more…than… 不是……如同……是……一樣(二者都不……)。如：
I am no more mad than you are . 你沒有瘋，我也沒有瘋。
◇ no more than 不過，僅僅。如：
We had walked no more than ten miles when night closed in again . 我們走了不過十英里，天就又黑了。
◇ not more than 不多于，至多。如：
There are not more than five people in the office . 辦公室里的人不超過五個(gè)。
◇ not more…than 不比……更…… 。如：
He is not more a statesman than a politician . 與其說他是個(gè)政治家，倒不如說他是個(gè)政客。
●話說 marry
1 . 表示“結(jié)婚”行為
marry 作形為動(dòng)詞時(shí)要注意下面幾點(diǎn)：
1) 不可與“for + 一段時(shí)間”的完成時(shí)態(tài)連用。如：
誤：He has married for a year . 他結(jié)婚已經(jīng)一年。
正：He married (got married) a year ago .
正：It is a year since he married (got married) .
正：He has been married for a year .
2) 表示“同某人結(jié)婚”時(shí)不可與介詞 with 或 to 連用。但可用 be (get) married to sb . ，如：
誤：He married with (to) Mary last year . 他是去年同瑪麗結(jié)婚的。
正：He married Mary last year .
正：He got married to Mary last year .
3) 表示“嫁給某人或娶某人”要用 marry sb . ，如：
Mathild married Pier . 瑪?shù)贍柕录藿o了皮埃爾。
Who(m) did the handsome boy marry at last ? 那英俊小伙子最后娶了誰為妻呢 ?
2. 表示“結(jié)婚”狀態(tài)
marry 表示狀態(tài)時(shí)要注意兩點(diǎn)：
1) 作不及物動(dòng)詞后面直接加副詞表示婚姻狀況。如：
Jean married very well . 珍妮喜結(jié)良緣。
All of their daughters married badly . 他們的女兒婚姻都很不幸。
2) 用 be married 表示婚姻狀況。如：
?Are you married ? 你結(jié)婚了嗎 ?
?Yes , I am . 是的，結(jié)婚了。
How long have you been married ? 你結(jié)婚多久了 ?
3. 表示“嫁出”、“證婚”
marry 還有兩個(gè)特殊意義，其主語與賓語的關(guān)系不是婚姻關(guān)系。要注意：
1) marry sb . 表示“嫁出……或使娶……”，后可接 to sb . ，如：
The greedy couple married their daughter to a cruel-hearted millionaire . 那對貪婪的夫婦把他們的女兒嫁給了一個(gè)狠心的百分富翁。
They decided to marry off all their daughters and sons before going abroad . 他們決定讓他們所有的兒女都成了家之后再出國。
2) marry sb . 表示“為某人證婚”。如：
Will you marry me and my husband ? 你愿意為我和我丈夫證婚嗎 ?
● entire、whole、total、complete 辨析
entire、whole、total、complete 這組詞作為形容詞都是指“全部的，完整的”，即絲毫沒有失去、損壞或省略的(事物) 。
entire 與 whole 在許多情況下可以通用。例如：
The people\'s government has the support of the entire(whole) population . 人民政府得到全民的支持。
whole 常用來強(qiáng)調(diào)某事物的完整性，即沒有任何部分被忽略或舍去叮當(dāng)于 every part. 在日常語言中，whole 遠(yuǎn)比 entire 用得多。例如：
One day the police even used their sticks during a peaceful march by blacks , and this was seen across the whole country on TV . (也可用 entire) 有一天，黑人在進(jìn)行和平進(jìn)軍的時(shí)候，警察使用了警棍，這個(gè)情景全國的電視上都看到了。
entire 可以修飾抽象名詞，whole 則不能。如：
This would destroy the entire peace of the Middle East .
這將會破壞整個(gè)中東和平。
total 與上面兩詞的主要不同在于它有較強(qiáng)烈的計(jì)算意味，強(qiáng)調(diào)總量，意為“全部的”，“總計(jì)的”，實(shí)際上就是對現(xiàn)存的 whole 的大小作精確的估計(jì)。如：
By the end of the year , the total money collected had come to over 92 million dollars , all of which were sent to Africa .
到年底為止，籌集到的全部款項(xiàng)達(dá)到9200多萬美元。所有這些錢全部送往非洲了。
complete 強(qiáng)調(diào)所有需要的或正確的部分都存在。
相比之下，它的意思是完成了的或完善的，指所有指標(biāo)的兌現(xiàn)或目的的實(shí)現(xiàn)。如：
The work is now complete ; we can have a holiday .
工作現(xiàn)在完成了；我們可以去度假了。
The total number of tourists chosen so far is forty-eight , but the tourist party is not yet complete .
到目前為止挑選的旅游者的總數(shù)是48人，可是這旅游團(tuán)還未滿員。
綜上所述，除 whole 以外，當(dāng)描寫毫無例外和毫無保留的包羅全體的抽象概念時(shí)，其他三詞都可換用。如：
I have entire (or total or complete) control of the project .
我對這項(xiàng)工程有完全的控制權(quán)。
【妙文賞析】
What\'s the main purpose of James AN Coaching College ?
Quite simply , we are here to help students with:
● H.S.C. Exams : Years 11 and 12
● Selective School Test : Year 5 to year 10
● Independent School Scholarship Exams : Year 6
● Opportunity Class Test : Years 3 and 4
● School Certificate Test : Year 10
The college provides expert tuition for students wishing to gain the highest possible marks in all examinations from Year 1 to Year 12 .
We also help students :
● excel in all subjects
● have a head start
● get motivated to succeed in their studies “EDUCATION = SUCCESS”
● increase their self-confidence
Through face-to-face teaching students are taught to perform well under examination conditions .
THE TEACHERS
● Highly qualified teachers from Selective Schools and Independent Schools .
● James AN : Principal and coauther of “Maths Tests for Selective Schools and Scholarship examinations”and other books
● Other textbook authors
Our teachers set high goals for themselves as well as for their students .
COURSES AND SUBJECTS
H.S.C. COURSE / YEAR 11 & 12
Subjects : Maths 2, 3, 4, Units: English , Physics , Chemistry
SCHOOL CERTIFICATE COURSE / YEAR 9 & 10
Subjects : English , Maths , Science
JUNIOR HIGH COURSE ; YEAR 7 & 8
Subjects : English , Maths ,Science
SELECTIVE SCHOOL / SCHOLARSHIP COURSE ; YEAR 5 & 6
Subjects : English , Maths , General Ability , Creative Writing
OPPORTUNITY CLASS ( O.C. ) COURSE;
YEAR 3 & 4
Subjects : English , Maths , General Ability
YEARS 1& 2
Sbujects : Maths , English
HOLIDAY REVISION COURSE
Special holiday revision courses are offered during each vacation .
WHO CAN BENEFIT FROM JAMES AN COACHING COLLEGE ?
Students of all abilities !
We have helped thousands of students achieve results beyond their wiidest dreams in the H.S.C. and Selective School / Scholarship Tests .
We\'d love to do the same for you . All serious students will excel in their studies .
請同學(xué)們以閱讀的特定信息為依據(jù)，從下列各題的A、B、C、D 中選出最佳答案。
1. If you are a student of year 7 , what subjects can you take ?
A. English , Maths , Science and Creative Writing
B. Maths and Physics
C. Maths , English , Physics and Chemistry
D. English , Maths and Science
2. The test for students of year 12 is .
A. H.S.C. Exams
B. Opportunity Class Test
C. Independent School Scholarship Exams
D. School Certificate Test
3. Students are taught to perform well under examination conditions through teaching .
A. special holiday revision courses B. face-to-face
C. self-confidence D. all subjects
4. can benefit from James An Coaching College .
A. Students of all abilities
B. Thousands of students
C. Students from European countries
D. Students who want to go abroad
【賞析】此題要求閱讀者快速閱讀，找出文章中直接提供的特定細(xì)節(jié)。一般說來，這類題是對文章表層發(fā)問的客觀題，答案均可以在文章中找到。不過，這些問題的表達(dá)常常不用文章中的原話，而是使用同義的詞語來進(jìn)行設(shè)問。做題時(shí)首先要看清問題，然后快速掃描文章中的相應(yīng)部分，找出與答題有關(guān)的關(guān)鍵詞，在細(xì)讀一遍，從而確定正確答案。
1. 選 D。抓住問題中的關(guān)鍵詞 year 7 , 立即可知它屬于COURSES AND SUBJECTS 部分 JUNIOR HIGH COURSE , 從中可直接找出答案。
2. 選 A�？梢詮腤hat is the main purpose of James An Coaching College 中直接找到答案。
3. 選B。文章中有這樣一句是解題的依據(jù)：Through face-to-face teaching students are taught to perform well under examination conditions 。
4. 選A。從 COURSES AND SUBJECTS 部分WHO CAN BENEFIT FROM JAMES AN COACHING COLLEGE ？中可以直接找到答案。
【思維體操】
　
● Thomas Edison
Thomas Edison was a giant among inventors . He patented (獲專利權(quán)) over 1 ,000 inventions , including . the record player , moving picture and the first practical electric light . Largely home taught , Edison only went to school for three months. But at 17 he invented the telegraph system (系統(tǒng)) . This allowed four dot - dash messages to be sent down a wire at the same time , speeding up telegraph service greatly .
Though he made great achievements , he still worked up to 20 hours a day . In 1879 , he discovered that if electric current (電流) is passed through a thin thread of carbon (碳) in a glass vacuum (真空) , it becomes white hot , giving off a brilliant light . Then , for use of this electric light , he developed a complete electrical distribution system (配電系統(tǒng)) . In 1880 , he formed the Edison Electric Light Company . In 1882 , he built the Pearl Street Plant , and New York became the first city lit by electricity .
1 . According to the passage , which of the following is true ?
A . Of all the inventors , Edison patented the most inventions .
B . He invented 1 , 000 things except the record player .
C . He invented moving pictures at the age of 17 .
D . He made greater achievements than any other scientists in the world .
2 . Edison received his schooling ____ .
A . mainly from school B . mainly from his teachers
C . largely from his parents D . largely from his work
3 . His invention of the telegraph system made the telegraph services ____ .
A . much easier B . more expensive
C . more difficult D . much quicker
4 . His discovery in 1879 led to ____ .
A . electric current through a thin thread
B . a bright light seen in a glass vacuum
C . the invention of his first practical electric light
D . the invention of electricity
5 . Before 1882 , _____ .
A . the world had been lit by electricity
B . New York had been already lit by electricity
C . no cities in the world had been lit by electricity
D . no cities except New York had been lit by electricity
● Thomas Edison
Thomas Edison was awarded (授予) more patents on inventions than any other Americans . When he died in 1931 , Americans wondered hos they could best show their respect for him .
One suggestion was the nation observe a minute or two of total blackout (斷電) . All electric power would be shut off in homes , streets and factories . Perhaps this suggested plan made Americans realize fully what Edison and his inventions meant to them . Electric power was too important to the country . Shutting it off for even a short time would have led to troubles . So a blackout was actually impossible .
On the day of Edison\'s Funeral (葬禮) , many people silently put out some of their lights . In this way , they honoured the man who had done more than anyone else to put the great force of electricity at his countrymen\'s fingertips .
6 . This passage tells us that Thomas Edison ____ .
A . was the only important American inventor
B . received the first American patent
C . received the most patents in the U . S . A .
D . was the first American inventor
7 . People decided to honour Edison when ____ .
A . he made the first electric light
B . electric power came into use
C . the country realized how important electric power was
D . he died in 1931
8 . The suggested plan was to _____ .
A . turn off the lights everywhere
B . shut off all electricity for a short time
C . make homes , schools and factories all dark
D . observe a few minutes of total silence
9 . The plan was never carried out because ____ .
A . electric power was of great importance to the country for every minute
B . it meant honouring only one of Edison\'s inventions
C . the plan itself was difficult to carry out
D . some Americans would not get themselves into trouble
10 . This passage was probably written to ____ .
A . tell people about Edison\'s inventions
B . explain what electricity was
C . prove that people wished to honour Edison
D . show that a great man Edison was
● Thomas Jefferson
In 1801 , Thomas Jefferson became president of the United States , which then included sixteen states that lay east of the Mississippi River . France controlled the large area in the centre of the continent , which was known as the Louisiana Territory (領(lǐng)土) , and the land west of the Rocky Mountains was primarily under Spanish control . Control of the Northwest was disputed (爭議) by England , Russia , Spain , and the United States . Jefferson , a leader with foresight (遠(yuǎn)見卓識) , believed that it would do good to the United States to own the rich land . In addition , the port cities at the mouth of the Mississippi River were controlled by France . Jefferson regarded this as possible danger to the U . S . economy (經(jīng)濟(jì)) and to national safety , so he went to Napoleon with an offer to buy the land .
Napoleon agreed to sell the land for ? 15 million , which ended up just a few cents an acre (英畝) . He decided to give up his holdings in America , which he had just won from Spain , so that he could raise money to conquer all of Europe .
11 . Thomas Jefferson bought the land for ____ reasons .
A . 1 B . 2 C . 3 D . 4
12 . From the passage we know that the Louisiana Territory _____ .
A . was under Spanish control
B . was the land east of the Mississippi River
C . lay west of the Rocky Mountains
D . formed the western part of the Mississippi valley
13 . What is untrue according to the passage ?
A . The land was rich .
B . The land was first controlled by Spain .
C . Thomas Jefferson was the President of the 18th century .
D . Napoleon sold the land very cheaply .
14 . Why did Napoleon agree to sell the land ?
A . Because the land was very poor .
B . Because it was an act of friendship .
C . Because he wanted to get America\'s support .
D . Because he had the ambition (野心) for Europe .
15 . What is the title for the passage ?
A . Thomas Jefferson\'s Foresight
B . The Form of the U . S . A .
C . The Louisiana Purchase (購買)
D . The Louisiana Territory
● Thomas Jefferson
Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence and was the third President of the United States . He was also a great architect (建筑師) . Monticello is the home that Thomas Jefferson built . Monticello means “l(fā)ittle mountain” in Italian . Jefferson started building the mansion (宅第) on a hill near Charlotteville, Virginia , in 1770 . It is considered one of the best examples of the American classic (古典) revival (復(fù)興) style of architecture .
The building materials ?stone , brick , lumber , and nails were all prepared on the land where Monticello stands . Jefferson moved into the home with his bride (新娘) in 1772 and continued on the house for many years . Monticello was his home for fifty - six years .
The mansion was later bought by Uriah Levy and given to the people of the United States as a gift . Today , Monticello is a national shrine (圣地) that is open to the public .
16 . Jefferson was the author of ____ .
A . many books on architecture
B . the Consitution (憲法)
C . the American Classic Revival
D . the Declaration of Independence
17 . Monticello was Jefferson\'s home for ____ .
A . his whole life
B . 56 years
C . 65 years
D . summer months only
18 . Jefferson was ____ .
A . the first president of the U . S .A
B. an Italian president
C . the 3rd American president
D . the president of Virginia
19 . Jefferson moved into Monticello in ____ .
A . 1756 B . 1770 C . 1772 D . 1776
20 . Monticello was given as a gift to the American people by ____ .
A . the public B . Thomas Jefferson
C . Uriah Levy D . a national shrine
答案：1－5 ACDCC 6－10 CDBAD 11－15 BDCDC 16－20 DBCCC
三、智能顯示
【心中有數(shù)】
過去分詞作定語和表語的測試要點(diǎn)
1. 過去分詞作定語，多表示已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。
The school built last year was flooded this summer . 去年建的那所學(xué)校今年夏天被洪水淹了。
I hope you will pay attention to the marked signs . 我希望你要注意那些有標(biāo)記的牌子。
Her job is to take care of the wounded soldiers . 她的工作是照料那些受傷的戰(zhàn)士。
2. 單個(gè)的過去分詞作定語常放在所修飾的名詞的前面。如：
boiled water 開水。a frozen river 一條凍結(jié)著的河。a trained nurse 一名訓(xùn)練有素的護(hù)士。an experienced villager 一位經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的村民。a used car 舊車。melted iron 熔化了的鐵。mended clothes 補(bǔ)好的衣服。a well-written article 一篇寫得不錯(cuò)的文章。man-made satellite 人造衛(wèi)星。a retired worker 一名退休工人。a three-legged table 一張三條腿的桌子。a

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