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Country music
教學(xué)目標
Teaching aims and demands
本單元的教學(xué)目標是使用學(xué)生能向他人提出建議和忠告，學(xué)生并掌握過去完成時態(tài)的有關(guān)用法。要求學(xué)生初步了解一些有關(guān)美國鄉(xiāng)村音樂的基本描述，能夠描述一兩個他們所喜愛的美國鄉(xiāng)村歌手。
Teaching important and different points
1．單詞、詞組
value, remain, anger, equipment, however, appear, make fun of, think of, so far, once more, no longer
2．日常交際用語
Haven’t you heard of…？
That’s a good idea!
You’d better…
I think you’d enjoy it.
Why not…?
Why don’t you…?
3．語法
教學(xué)建議
對話建議：
建議教師在上課時在導(dǎo)入課時給學(xué)生放一些相關(guān)的音樂欣賞，在聽讀練習(xí)時可放入多媒體形式，利用對話中的日常生活用語，談?wù)搶W(xué)生所熟悉的歌星、影星和球星，for example: haven’t you heard of….. 最后朗讀并編演對話。
課文分析：
本篇課文主要介紹了美國鄉(xiāng)村音樂在不同時期、年代人們的思想觀念的不同及追求人生的目標，用歌曲就能體現(xiàn)出來，如：1990s、1950s、1960s. 而現(xiàn)在的美國鄉(xiāng)村音樂從它的主題思想、范圍、歌手及使用的樂器都所不同。
課文重點講解
辨析hear, hear of和hear from
1) hear 聽見；聽說（多跟從句）
He listened carefully but could hear nothing. 他仔細聽，但什么也沒聽到。
2) hear of 聽說
Have you heard of the name of Whitney Houston?你聽說過惠特尼·休斯頓的名字嗎？
3) hear from 接到…，來信，后接某人
Linda heard from her pen friend in England yesterday.琳達昨天收到了她的英國筆友的來信。
辨析 however和 but
二者都意為“可是，但是”；
but是并列名詞，連接兩個并列分句，上下二句在總的意義上構(gòu)成了對比。
I really don't like cheese, but I will try just a little this time.我實在是不喜歡吃奶酪，但是這次我要嘗一點。
however不能直接連接兩個分句，必須另起新句，并用逗號隔開。
It was raining hard. However, we went out to look for the boy. 雨下得很大，不過我們還是出去尋找那個孩子。
辨析electrical 與electric
1）electrical 指“電氣的”，表示與電有關(guān)的；
an electrical engineer 電氣工程師
electrical work 電工話 electrical energy 電能
2）electric是“用電的”, 表示由電操縱或由電產(chǎn)生的。
an electric lamp /light 電燈an electric clock 電鐘
an electric bell 電鈴 an electric fan 電扇
辨析alone, lonely
這兩個詞都可作形容詞用，有“單獨”的含義，但用法有差異。
alone 強調(diào)客觀上獨自、獨立的、單獨一人在句中多作表語。如：
He feels alone. 他感到孤獨。
alone還可作副詞用狀做語，修飾動詞
He lives alone. 他單獨生活。 .. .
lonely 只作形容詞，“孤獨的，寂寞的”，帶有主觀上的感情色彩，形容失去朋友，缺乏友愛和幫助，感到寂寞或悲哀。在句中作定語或表語。lonely用于地點時，意為“荒涼的、偏僻的”。例如：
Do you feel lonely when you lived alone in the lonely house?當(dāng)你獨自住在那個偏僻的屋子里時，你感到寂寞嗎？
辨析appear, seem 與 look
appear 強調(diào)外表給人某種印象，有時含實質(zhì)上并非如此的意思。其后不可接as if從句。
He appears to know more than he really does.
It appears that we have to go there.
seem暗示有一定根據(jù)判斷，這種判斷往往接近事實，其后可接不定式，that或as if從句；
It seems as if he were in a daydream. (常用虛擬語氣)
look著重由視覺而得出的印象，其后不可接動詞不定式或that從句。
You look very tired. Why don’t you have a rest?
詞匯學(xué)習(xí)
1. value的用法
value: 價值，購買力；有用性。常用作不可數(shù)名詞。
Do you know the value of health? 你懂得健康的價值嗎？
本單元還出現(xiàn)了fun, anger, beauty, success 等表抽象概念的名詞，一般情況下為不可數(shù)名詞，beauty和success有時作可數(shù)名詞。如：
His sister is a beauty. 他姐姐長得很漂亮。
The party was a great success.晚會很成功。
Failure is the mother of success. 失敗乃成功之母。
She is filled with anger.她相當(dāng)憤怒。
What fun! 多么有趣！
2. remain的用法
remain: 保持（某種狀態(tài)），仍舊是；留下。其常見用法是：
作系動詞時，可用形容詞、名詞。分詞、介詞短語等作表語。如：
He remained silent all the time. 他一直保持沉默。
remain 作不及物動詞。如：
After the fire, nothing remained of the house.
失火之后這所房子什么也沒剩下。
3. make fun of的用法
make fun=laugh at取笑。如：
Nobody likes to be made fun of. 沒人愿意讓人取笑。
已學(xué)過的make短語有：
make a mistake 出差錯 make sure 保證
make friends with 與……交朋友 make the bed 整理床鋪
be made of/from 由……制成 make faces 做鬼臉
make a noise 弄出聲 make a phone call to. . . 給……打電話
4. think的用法
1)think vt. 認為、相信，與consider和believe 同義，主動語態(tài)常用 think +賓語+賓語補足語或think + that clause
The book is thought (to be) quite useful for the beginners of English.人們認為這本書對英語初學(xué)者很有用。
I don't think money the most important.我認為錢不是最重要的東西。
We all think him a clever boy.我們都認為他是個聰明的孩子。
2）think well of對……印象很好”。其近義詞有think highly of, speak highly of。如：
He spoke highly of our city. 他對我市評價很高。
3）think可與 about/of/over等介詞或副詞構(gòu)成短語
Everyone is thinking about/of (想著) our bright future.
I hope you will think it over. (仔細考慮)
I can't think of (想起) his name at the moment.
課文講解
Lesson 41
1. They are talking about the coming weekend. 他們在談?wù)撨@個周末怎么過。
l) coming是形容詞，作“即將到來的”或“正在到來的”解。the coming weekend (the weekend that is coming) 指本周的周本（即將到來的周末），但(a the coming week (the week that is coming) 指的是下周，即the next week。又如：the coming Friday (即將到來的星期五), 在星期五以后說，指的是下星期五。
He wants to visit Hangzhou during the coming month.他想下個月去杭州玩玩。
weekend（周末）中國和一些西方國家一樣，在中國，一周有五個工作日，weekend指的是從星期五晚上起，一直到星期天。
Haven't you heard of him?難道你沒有聽說過他嗎？
3. I think you'd enjoy it. 我想你會喜歡它的。
You'd better hurry and buy a ticket then. 你最好趕快去買一張票。
這兩個句子中的you'd都是縮略式，但第一句的you’d 是you would的縮略式；而第二句中的you’d 是you had 的縮略式。
Lesson 42
1. Song writers are no longer writing about the modern values of the USA…歌曲作者不再寫美國的現(xiàn)代價值……
1)no longer 作“不再”解，通常放在行為動詞的前面，但如果是動詞be, 則放在be之后。
Annie no longer lives here. 安妮不住在這兒了。
2)“no longer”常�？梢杂谩皀ot . . . any longer/more”來代替。前者用于肯定句，后者用于否定句。Annie does not live here any longer/more.
2. Instead they are writing once more about things that are common for every one .... 而他們現(xiàn)在再一次寫常人常事……
1)once more與once again 同義，作“再一次”解，在句中作狀語。
Please say that word once more /again. 請把那個單詞再說一遍。
2)more 構(gòu)成的其它短語，如：
more and more （越來越……），more or less（或多或少，大約）。
3. During these years many young students were angry with society, so songs were often full of anger.在那些歲月里，許多年輕學(xué)生對社會憤憤不平，因此，歌曲里往往充滿怒氣。
1)句中anger是名詞，作“生氣”、“惱怒”解。
angry是由anger派生出的形容詞，詞義相同，詞類有別。類似的構(gòu)詞還有：
hunger (n.)-hungry (adj.饑餓), flower(n.)-flowery(adj.如花的；多花的)
4)be/get angry 生氣。后面可跟不同的介詞，如：
be angry with sb. 生某人的氣；be angry about/for sth. 因某事而生氣。
Don't be angry with me for my being late.不是因為我遲到了而生我的氣。
What are you angry about? 你為什么生氣呢？
5. Singers do not just come from the States but from all over the world. 鄉(xiāng)村音樂的歌手不僅來自美國，而且來自世界各地。
句中的just作“僅僅”解，“not just . . . but”相當(dāng)于“not only . . . but also”，意思是“不僅……而且……”。
She is not just a student but a singer. 她不僅是學(xué)生，而且是歌手。
Lesson 44
1.but和however都可以作連詞，也都作“但是”、“可是”
but連接兩個并列的分句，上句和下句在總的意義上構(gòu)成一個對比，but后的分句常常是上句意義的轉(zhuǎn)折。
He would like to go, but he can’t. 他想去，但是不能去。
however 有“然而”、“盡管”。不能像but一樣直接連接兩個分句，必須另起新句，并用逗號分開。可以放在句首，也可以插在句子中間。
It’s raining hard. However, I think we should go out. 雨下得很大，不過（盡管如此）我想我們還是應(yīng)該出去。
He hasn’t arrived. He may, however, come late. 他還沒有到，不過他可能來得晚一點。
2. So far I haven’t had any success. However, I’ll keep trying. 到目前為止我還沒有取得成功，不過我會繼續(xù)試下去的。
so far作“到現(xiàn)在為止”同現(xiàn)在完成時連用。
We have not heard about 1500 English words. 到現(xiàn)在為止，我們已學(xué)過了1500個英語單詞。
keep doing sth. 表示“繼續(xù)干某事”的意思，強調(diào)動作的連續(xù)不斷。
We must keep going forward. 我們必須不斷前進。
語法知識：（過去完成時態(tài)）
A. 過去完成時的主要用法
過去完成時“助動詞had + 動詞的過去分詞”，在過去某一時間或動作以前已經(jīng)完成的動作�？梢杂脠D表來表示這時間的概念：
When we arrived at the theatre, the play had already started. 句子中的When – clause的動作（arrive）發(fā)生在圖中的過去一點時間上（Past），而主句的動作（start）發(fā)生在“過去的過去”，亦即在before這個時間點戲劇就已經(jīng)開始了。上述句子的主句中之所以要用過去完成時態(tài)（had started），是因為從句中的動作（arrived）是發(fā)生在過去。下面再進一步說明一下：
表 示
例 句
一個動作或狀態(tài)在過去某一時間或動作之前已經(jīng)完成或結(jié)束。
When I got to the but stop, the bus had gone.
我到達車站時，汽車已經(jīng)開走了。
表示一個動作或狀態(tài)在過去某一時間之前已經(jīng)開始，一直延續(xù)到這一過去時間，這個動作可能停止，也可能繼續(xù)。
I had worked for 5 years here before she came to our school.
她來我們學(xué)校之前我就在這兒工作五年了。
B.過去完成時與一般過去時的比較
時態(tài)
特征
例 句
一般過去時
1）過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。
2）如果幾個動作緊接著發(fā)生，用一般過去時。
1）Li Ming saw the film yesterday.
李明是昨天看的電影。
2）He cycled to town, parked his bike near a bookshop and entered. 他騎車進城，把車停放在一家書店旁，就進去了。
過去完成時
過去某時刻或某時候以前已完成的動作或狀態(tài)（過去的過去）
Li Ming said he had seen the film the day before. 李明說他是前天看的電影。
若不按事情發(fā)生的前后順序而是先講發(fā)生在后的事情，發(fā)生在前的事情則用過去完成時。
By the time we got to the cinema, the film had begun.
等我們到達電影院，電影早已經(jīng)開始了。
在有when, after, before, as soon as, until等連詞的復(fù)合句中，如主句與從句謂語動作是在不同的時間發(fā)生的，先發(fā)生的用過去完成時，若兩個動作緊接著發(fā)生，則主從句都可用一般過去時。
1）When I woke up, it had already stopped raining. 我醒來時，雨已經(jīng)停了。
2）After I (had) finished my homework, I went to bed. 完作業(yè)后，我就睡覺了。
C．過去完成時常用于賓語從旬中或用來把含有一般過去時或現(xiàn)在完成時的直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語。
She said to me, “I saw the film.” 她對我說：“我看過這部電影�！�
She told me that she had seen the film.她告訴我她看過這部電影。
D．過去完成時用于虛擬語氣中，主要出現(xiàn)在表示與過去事實相反的條件句和wish后的賓語從句中。如：
I wish I hadn't missed the train. 要是趕上了火車就好了。
語法練習(xí)：
1.He _____to the lab than he set out to do the experiment.
A. has no sooner got B. no sooner got
B. will no sooner got D. had no sooner got
2.They ask me to have a drink with them. I said that it was at least ten years since I _____a good drink.
A. had enjoyed B. was enjoying C. enjoyed D. had been enjoying
3.Helen_____her key in the office so she had to wait until her husband _____ home.
A. has left; comes B. left; had come
C. had left; came D. had left; could come
4.I finally got the job I dreamed about. Never in all my life____ so happy!
A. did I feel B. I felt C. I had felt D. had I felt
5.The students_____ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she _____ in the office.
A. had written; left B. were writing ; has left
C. had written; had left D. were writing; had left
答案：DACDD教學(xué)設(shè)計方案Lesson 41
Teaching Aims
1. To help the Ss understand the dialogue fully and to improve the students' abilities of listening and speaking.
2. To learn how to talk about people like some film stars, players and so
3. To review the Past Perfect Tense to make the Ss understand the usage of it and use it with high proficiency.
Step I Warming--up
1) Do you like to listen to music? What kind of music do you like best? Why?
2) Do you like English songs?
3) Can you tell me some of the songs you often listen to and the singers you like best?
Step II Listening
T plays the tape to the Ss twice, then think about the following questions
1.What is Jackie going to do on Saturday evening?
2. Where is the famous singer going to perform on Saturday?
1) going to a concert Saturday evening.
2) at the New Theatre.
Step III Reading
2. Let the Ss judge whether the following statements are true or false according to what they read carefully in the dialogue. Do it orally.
1) Jackie is going to see a film by John Denver on Saturday. F
2) John Denver is singing at the New York theatre. F
3) The music that Denver sings is American country music. T
4) Yang Pei isn't going to hear Denver because she doesn't have a ticket. F
5) Yang Pei knows a lot about Denver. F
6) Most of Denver's songs are written by himself. T
7) A program of his music was broadcast on TV last month. F
8) Jackie suggests that Yang Pei buy a ticket. T
Step IV Grammar study
1. Allow the Ss a few minutes to read the dialogue in Part 3 in pairs and pick out the sentences in the Past Perfect Tense.
2. Give the Ss a brief revision about this tense by providing some examples and supply them with some sentences to differ the Simple Past Tense from the Past Perfect Tense.
Step V Summary and further practice
1.Summary
Tell the Ss in this period we have learnt something about John Denver, made some dialogues with the expressions in it and reviewed the Past Perfect Tense.
2.Further practice
1) Get the Ss to do Ex.3 on Page 107 in the Wb in pails. Then ask several pairs to read out their answers to the whole class.
2)If time permits, ask the Se to make a short passage orally about John Denver and let some of them speak out. The Ss may also do it after class.
Step Ⅵ Homework
Finish off Ex. 1 and 2 on Page 107 in the Wb and Part 2 and 3 on Page 43 to review the Past Perfect Tense.
Lesson 42教學(xué)設(shè)計方案
Teaching Aims
1. To make clear some difficult sentences in this passage.
2. To help the Ss get some knowledge about American country music, its development, its subjects and the causes why it has returned.
Step I Revision
Check the Wb. exercises
Step II Warming-up
1.The T plays pieces of music which have been prepared, for example: “Country Road”. Then collect the information in a list. “country, sky, mountains, wind, tree, road...”
2.The T asks them the following questions?
1) Do you like this song? Can you sing it? Do you want to learn more about American country music?
Step III Listening
T plays the tape to the Ss twice, the ask them the following questions:
1)Why do we say that American country music has become big business?
2) Why do you think that the first country singers sang songs while playing the guitar?
Keys:1)Because it brings in between 200 and 400 million dollars a year.
2) Because it was easy for these singers to carry a guitar on their travels.
Step IV Reading
1. First ask the Ss to divide the whole passage into two parts and sum up the main idea of each part.
Answers:
Part1(1,2,3) American music in different times.
Part2(4,5,6) American country music.
2. Allow them a few minutes to find out the subjects of American country music in different times. And collect their answer's on the Bb.
Times
Subjects
1950s
1) Love—getting or losing a boyfriend or girlfriend.
2) Money was also thought to be important.
1960s
1) Young people were angry with society. Songs were full of anger.
2) Political leaders .were not well thought of and those songs often made fun of them.
1990s
1) Feeling alone in the modem world
2)the value of having good friends and so on.
3. Ask the Ss to concentrate on Part Two. Allow them some minutes to read Paragraph 4,5 and 6, and fill in the following form.
American
Country
Music
Subjects
Home
Scope
Singers
Instrument
The good old days People thought well of each ther. people loved life in the open air.
Nashville-
Tennessee
All parts of the States,from Angeles in the west to New York in the east
Singes do not just come the Stats but from all over the world.
electrical
equipment
Step V Langue points
1) Then in the 1960s the songwriters turned to other subjects. = In the 1960s the songwriters changed their ideas and they began writing about other subjects.
2) Political leaders were not well thought of. = Political leaders were not respected or supported by people, especially by the young people.
3) In the “good old days”, people thought well of each other. = In die past, people respected each other, loved each other and cared about each other.
II Fill in the blanks
make a plan for make fun of make faces
make a film make friends make mistakes
make sure make a decision make a record
1. It is easier to lose friends than to___________.
2. It is no good to ____ other students.
3. Our problem is who can help us to ____ of OUT songs.
4. We can't decide it today. But we should ____ tomorrow.
5. Tom often ____ behind the teacher to make others laugh.
6. I think you' d better ____ your travel next week.
7. She has made several records, but not yet ____.
8. Try to speak English as often as possible. Don't be afraid of ____.
9. I think it is a good idea to call him to ____ if he has got the plane ticket ready for you.
Step VI Further discussion
“For what reason does Country music return in America in the 1990s?”
Allow the Ss some time to discuss in groups and give them chances to express their ideas. Collect their answers and don’ t forget to praise them even if their answers may not be perfect.
Step VII Homework
1. Read the passage again.
2.Finish Ex.2, 3 on Page 108,Ex.3 on Page 110 and Ex.2, 3 on Page 111.
探究活動
1.Describe you like the most singer, Then give them a brief introduction about him or her. For example:
John Denver is an American singer. He doesn’t sing pop music, but country music. He is very successful. He has made a lot of records and is often broadcast on the radio and on TV. ….
2.Why some people and students love country music? What’s the origination?
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