Unit 17 Nature
教學(xué)目標(biāo)
知識(shí)目標(biāo)：
通過(guò)本單元的教學(xué)，使學(xué)生了解并初步掌握現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法。復(fù)習(xí)本單元出的表示打算和目的的用語(yǔ)。學(xué)習(xí)課文能應(yīng)用所學(xué)語(yǔ)言描述麋鹿的今昔對(duì)比，使學(xué)生了解保護(hù)野生動(dòng)物的意義。
教學(xué)重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)
1．重點(diǎn)詞匯 increase; disappear; alive; research; protect; put on performances; at present; one after another
2．重要句型 1) How long will it take you to complete the trip? 2) We want to give some money to this project so that the number of these deer in China can be increased. 3) It is hoped that one day they will have enough animals to set them free and let them live in the wild again.
3．語(yǔ)法 理解并初步掌握現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法：1) The life of the milu is being studied at present. 2) More milu deer are being moved to a new large nature park in Shishou in Hubei Province.
4．日常交際用語(yǔ) 打算和目的 (Intentions and purposes) : 1) Why are you making this journey? 2) We are trying to collect the money for a wildlife project. 3) We want to . . . so that . . . 4) What is the purpose of your new project? 5) That sounds a good idea. 6) Good luck with your trip!
能力目標(biāo)：
1． 掌握有關(guān)的的旅行目標(biāo)用語(yǔ)：如旅行的目的地、出發(fā)地、及旅行的目的、方式等。
2． 運(yùn)用關(guān)鍵詞匯復(fù)述課文。
3． 如何運(yùn)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
德育目標(biāo)
讓學(xué)生了解麋鹿這種動(dòng)物的歷史、生態(tài)環(huán)境及在我國(guó)的現(xiàn)狀、激發(fā)學(xué)生對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)有關(guān)野生動(dòng)、植物的興趣，教育學(xué)生保護(hù)野生動(dòng)、植物及生態(tài)平衡的知識(shí)。
教學(xué)建議
課文分析
結(jié)構(gòu)：可分為四段：
Part 1 ( Paragraph I ) The number of milu deer in nature parks in China is increasing every year.
Part 2 (Paragraphs 2-3) The history of milu deer in China and in England
(Paragraph 2) The milu deer disappeared during the Ming and the Qing periods.
(Paragraph 3) The only milu deer alive belonged to the Duke of Bedford in England.
Part 3 (Paragraphs 4-5) The milu deer centers in China
(Paragraph 4) The life of milu is being studied in the Naniaizi Milu Park.
(Paragraph 5) The number of milu deer has greatly increased in Dafeng.
Part 4 ( Paragraph 6) It's hoped that there will be milu deer living in the wild in China.
語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)：本課文有兩個(gè)要點(diǎn)，值得注意：
1．It’s hoped….that (人們希望)是個(gè)常用句型，其中的it是形式主語(yǔ)，that引導(dǎo)的是個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句。類似的有It is said /reported/believed/ that…..等
2．There are so many deer that some are being sent to nature reserves by environmentalists who would like to return them to the wild.其實(shí)，現(xiàn)在這種麋鹿已經(jīng)相當(dāng)多了，有一些正在被送往那些愿意把麋鹿送回野外去的地方。
1）該句是一個(gè)較為復(fù)雜的復(fù)合句，主句為…there are so many deer, that引導(dǎo)的是結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。
在這個(gè)so……that結(jié)構(gòu)中，中心詞是名詞deer，本應(yīng)該用such…that結(jié)構(gòu)，但因名詞前有many修飾而用了so……that結(jié)構(gòu)，此特殊用法需注意。
are being sent是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式，表示“正在被送往”。
對(duì)話建議
1．建議在未講課前，教師為了導(dǎo)入新課，可對(duì)學(xué)生進(jìn)行以下的提問(wèn)：
T: Is there anyone collect money? S: Yes.
T: What did you do? Did you collect money for Hope Project or other things?等等。
2．在講本文對(duì)話時(shí)，教師給學(xué)生放課文錄音，然后問(wèn)學(xué)生們What’s the dialogue mainly about? 。
3．建議教師讓學(xué)生們扮演角色，通過(guò)互相表演的形式，促進(jìn)學(xué)生的興趣，及練習(xí)表達(dá)能力。
4．教師總結(jié)本課的語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)知識(shí)。
課文建議
1．建議教師把有關(guān)本課文有關(guān)the milu deer的背景知識(shí)介紹給學(xué)生，使學(xué)生先有一些了解和認(rèn)識(shí)。
2．在未講課之前，讓學(xué)生大聲的對(duì)這篇課文進(jìn)行朗讀，教師可把課文的一些問(wèn)題寫(xiě)在黑板上，達(dá)到一邊朗讀一邊思考問(wèn)題。
3．教師結(jié)合課文的內(nèi)容，可有圖表或者數(shù)據(jù)形式，對(duì)the milu deer 用過(guò)去，現(xiàn)在及將來(lái)三種形式分析給學(xué)生，這樣加深對(duì)課文的理解和生動(dòng)。
4．教師最后總結(jié)課文的知識(shí)點(diǎn)，了解學(xué)生的掌握情況。
語(yǔ)法建議
1．建議教師把在講現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)前，先復(fù)習(xí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。
2．教師可采取逐步誘導(dǎo)的形式，從定義，構(gòu)成，及應(yīng)注意的用法，用圖片或投影儀形式，教給學(xué)生。
2．建議教師列舉例題及練習(xí)試題，讓學(xué)生一邊做一邊練，達(dá)到掌握熟練的結(jié)果。
詞匯辨析
common, general, ordinary和usual
可作“普通的”“平常的”但有所差異。
common側(cè)重“普通”，表示“時(shí)時(shí)發(fā)生，人所共有”，并含有“并不高貴，地位低下”之意味，其反義詞為rare。
general側(cè)重“普遍”之意，表示在大多數(shù)我或事物中流行并受到關(guān)注，不含有“地位低下”之意，其反義詞為specific。
ordinary與common基本同義，側(cè)重“平凡的，普通的”，表示“隨時(shí)可以碰到，不值得驚奇”，其反義詞是superior。
usual用來(lái)指事物，意為“通常的，慣常的”，含有“隨集體風(fēng)俗或個(gè)人習(xí)慣而常常發(fā)生”之意，其反義詞為unusual。舉例如下：
a common saying（俗話），a common wish（一個(gè)共同的愿望）。
the general opinion一般輿論
an ordinary（or a common）event（一件極平常的事），an ordinary（or a common）person（一個(gè)普通人）。
It’s a usual thing with him. （這對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)是平常事）。
The number of 和A number of
A number of意為“許多、”“一些”，后接復(fù)數(shù)的可數(shù)名詞。有a large/ great/small number of等詞組。a number of + n. (復(fù))作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)。這兩個(gè)詞組后都接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，但a number of的中心是后面的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
the number of意為“……的數(shù)目”，它的中心是the number，后也接復(fù)數(shù)的可數(shù)名詞，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)。舉例如下：
①I(mǎi) can think of a number of ways to carry out this plan. 我可以想出不止一個(gè)辦法來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)這個(gè)方案。
②A large number of people were present at the meeting. 有許多人出席了會(huì)議。
③A number of students are staying outside the office. 許多學(xué)生站在辦公室的外面。
①The number of the students standing outside is about twenty. 站在外面的學(xué)生數(shù)量大約是加入。
②The number of the books in our library is about 45,000.我們圖書(shū)館藏書(shū)量大約為4萬(wàn)5千冊(cè)。
year by year 與year after year
year by year即“逐年，每一年”，強(qiáng)調(diào)“年年在變”，
The boy grows taller year by year這個(gè)孩子長(zhǎng)得一年比一年高。
year after year意含時(shí)間的重復(fù)性，即“每年固定發(fā)生，年年如此”。
He went to Beijing on business year after year.他每年到北京當(dāng)差。
例The number of computers is increasing _____, which has brought the price down.
A. year by year B. year after year C. years after years D. years by years
解析：句意為：電腦數(shù)量逐年增長(zhǎng)，使得價(jià)格下降。本題考查year by year 與year after year的區(qū)別。year by year 意為“年年在變”；year after year意為“年年如此”。由句意可知答案為A。
research與search
相同點(diǎn)：兩詞均有研究、探索之意。
research指審慎的或精密的探究，有科學(xué)的研究或批判的研究之意。一般批學(xué)問(wèn)、宗教、物理、心理、天文等方面調(diào)查或研究，常用復(fù)數(shù)。
search則有搜索、探索之意、側(cè)重對(duì)某事持續(xù)的調(diào)查或研究，用于搜索或?qū)ふ沂Ц`物品或探究知識(shí)、真理、自由、珍禽、奇術(shù)等方面。舉例如下：
They are researching on the effects of cigarette smoking. 他們正在研究吸煙的后果。
He went all over the world to search after truth. 為追求真理他行遍全球。
travel, journey, trip, tour, voyage
相同點(diǎn)：這五個(gè)詞都作“旅行”解。
Travel：可作動(dòng)詞或名詞，指遠(yuǎn)距離長(zhǎng)期的旅行，沒(méi)有具體的目的和方向性。常用來(lái)表示“旅行”這一概念。名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式travels表示旅行經(jīng)歷。
journey：使用范圍很廣，但常指距離較遠(yuǎn)的陸路旅行，而且有預(yù)定的地點(diǎn)，帶有明確的方向性。
Trip：常指距離短且直接到達(dá)目的地的旅行。在口語(yǔ)中trip與journey常常通用。
Tour：含有“觀光”的意思，距離可長(zhǎng)可短�？勺鲃�(dòng)詞或名詞。
Voyage：指“航行，航�！敝杆坊蚝娇章眯�。舉例如下：
He has travelled all over Africa many times in his life. 他一生中多次到非洲旅行。
Marco Polo wrote a book about his travels in China，which is called The Travels of Marco Polo.
馬可波羅把他在中國(guó)的旅行寫(xiě)成了一本書(shū)，書(shū)名叫《馬可波羅游記》。
Mr. Black is on his journey to Shanghai.布萊克先生正在去上海的旅途中。
We are planning to make a trip to the Great. Wall.我們正計(jì)劃去長(zhǎng)城游覽。
I'm going on a shopping tour. Would you like to go with me? 我想去逛商店，你想不想跟我一起去？
They're making a voyage to Africa. 他們正在作一次去非洲的航海旅行。
難句分析
In fact, there are so many deer that some are being sent to nature reserves by environmentalists who would like to return them to the wild.其實(shí)，現(xiàn)在這種麋鹿已經(jīng)相當(dāng)多了，有一些正在被送往那些愿意把麋鹿送回野外去的地方。
1）該句是一個(gè)較為復(fù)雜的復(fù)合句，主句為…there are so many deer, that引導(dǎo)的是結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。
在這個(gè)so……that結(jié)構(gòu)中，中心詞是名詞deer，本應(yīng)該用such…that結(jié)構(gòu)，但因名詞前有many修飾而用了so……that結(jié)構(gòu)，此特殊用法需注意。
2）are being sent是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式，表示“正在被送往”，其中的being容易被誤省。又如本課中的其他兩句：
More milu deer are being moved to a new large nature park in Shishou in Hubei Province.
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
定義：
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示此時(shí)此刻某事正在被做。例如：
The sports meeting is being held in our school. 我校正在舉行運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。
Another bridge is being built over the Changjiang River. 長(zhǎng)江上正在修建另一座大橋。
構(gòu)成：be + being+過(guò)去分詞。例如：
A number of Dongfeng trucks are being shipped abroad.一批東風(fēng)卡車正被運(yùn)往國(guó)外。
用法：
1）“be being done” 中的動(dòng)詞be應(yīng)隨主語(yǔ)(sing. / pl.)作相應(yīng)的變化。
2）將現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的關(guān)鍵是：把be doing變?yōu)閎e being done.
①The students are cleaning the classroom now.→The classroom is being cleaned now.
現(xiàn)在學(xué)生們正在打掃教室。 (are cleaning變?yōu)閕s being cleaned)
②The boy is counting some eggs.→Some eggs are being counted.
那男孩正在數(shù)蛋。 (is counting 變?yōu)?are being counted)
例題：
—Have you moved into the new house? —Not yet, the rooms ______.
A. are being painted B. are painting
C. are painted D. are being painting
【解析】該題house作主語(yǔ)與備選項(xiàng)提供的動(dòng)詞paint之間存在著被動(dòng)關(guān)系。用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，說(shuō)明還沒(méi)搬進(jìn)新居的原因是“房子正在被粉刷”。故答案為A項(xiàng)。
練習(xí)：
1.Look! The roads ____now.
A. are widening B. are widened
C. are being widened D. is to widen
2.A science lab ____in our school now.
A.is being built B. has built
C. is building D. will be built
答案：1.C 2.A
教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)方案Lesson 65
Teaching Aims
1. Know how to talk about a trip.
2. Study the language points concerned with the dialogue.
Step I Warm--up
(Teacher) Today we are going to hear about a long journey. Then ask the questions to the Ss:
1.Do you like traveling with your friends by bike?
2.What are the advantages(good points) of traveling by bike>
3.Usually what is the purpose of traveling?
Step II Reading
Ask the students to read the dialogue carefully to find out as much as they can about the journey. Ask questions like this:
1 What is the purpose of the project?
2 How are they going to collect money?
3 Where are they going to travel?
Step III Dialogue
Listen to the tape and repeat. Practise the dialogue in pairs.
Step Ⅳ Language focus
Ask the students to underline all the questions that the reporter asks. Get the students to practise saying these sentences. Tell them they are important.
Step V Practise
Read the dialogue aloud. Try to act it out.
Step VI Workbook
Do Ex. 1 and Ex.2.
Step VII Exercise
Put the following into English to complete the sentences.
1. _____________(據(jù)報(bào)道) more than 200 people had been killed in the fire.
2. _____________(我們圖書(shū)館的藏書(shū)數(shù)) is about 30,000.
3. Many people_____________(在地震中被活埋了) .
4. _____________(從那時(shí)至今), I haven’t heard from him.
5. With the grandma’s good care, _____________(那位傷員一天天好起來(lái)) .
6. Too many milu deer _____________(被殺死) and they disappeared.
7. Some large nature parks_____________(建立起來(lái)) to keep milu deer since 1985.
8. The number of milu deer ______________（將大大增加）.
9. Soon milu deer _____________(將放生) and live in the wild.
10. Do you know why wild animals ______________(應(yīng)該受到保護(hù))?
參考答案
1. It was reported that
2. The number of books in our library
3. were buried alive in the earthquake
4. Since then
5. the wounded soldier grew better day by day
6. had been killed
7. have been set up
8. will be greatly increased
9. will be set free
10. should be protected
Step VIII Homework
1.Revise the dialogue in Part 1.
2.Finish off the Workbook exercises.
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