A doctor for animals
教學目標
1. 掌握且能運用有關詢問某人身體狀況的日常用語，能述說健康狀況以及談論病情和給出建議或要求的日常交際用語。
2. 掌握本單元的詞匯和習慣用語，特別是短語make up one’s mind, as if, at least等的用法。
3. 進一步學習動詞不定式，學習用it 來充當形式主語的用法，有時還用it 來充當形式賓語，而真正的主語或賓語后置句末。如：I found it difficult to learn English well.
4. 認真學習”The man who loved dogs”和”Cody saves the baby”，體會人與動物自然、友好相處的和諧。
本單元詞匯、短語及習慣用語
一、本單元所出現(xiàn)的詞組和短語
make up one’s mind 下決心
regard…as … 把……當作……；當作
as if 好像
at sea 在大海上
just as… 正象；恰與……相同
mobile phone 可移動電話
half an hour 半小時
at all 根本；全然
at least 至少；起碼
a doctor for animals 獸醫(yī)
wag its tail, or put its ears straight up 搖尾巴或把耳朵豎起來
To help animals is helping people. 幫助動物就是幫助人類。
make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
find something about him on the internet 在網(wǎng)上找到有關他的資料
a pet dog named Don 一條被叫做Don的愛犬
no matter 不管
before long 不久
work on 從事于……工作
be on the safe side 萬無一失
to speak well of everyone 說別人好話
to complain too often 報怨太多
二、交際用語和句型
交際用語
表示肯定和不肯定 Expressing certainty and uncertainty
We can find ….我們能找到……。
喜好和厭惡 Like and dislikes
I like …. 我喜歡……。
I really love …. 我真的喜歡……。
I like to work with …. 我喜歡和……工作。
Do you like being …? 你愿意成為……嗎？
請求允許和應答 Asking for permission and responses
— Can I ask you some questions? 我能問您一些問題嗎？
— Sure. 當然可以。
主要句型
a. 陳述句
It is interesting to play with pets. 和寵物玩是有趣的。
To do the job well is not easy. 做好這項工作是不容易的。
It’s better to give than to receive. 奉獻總比索取好。
To make a mistake is human. 犯錯誤是人之常情。
b. 疑問句
Is it easy to heal children? 給孩子治病容易嗎？
But isn’t it more important to help people than animals? 但是難到幫助人類不比幫助動物更重要嗎？
c. 否定句
It is not easy to learn maths well. 學好數(shù)學是不容易的。
教學建議（一）
教材內(nèi)容分析
本單元主要學習詢問身體健康狀況、談論身體狀況以及對身體健康方面的一些忠告或建議、要求等的日常交際用語，還學習了一些常用語及部分同義或近義詞的用法。在學習對話的同時，復習歸納了現(xiàn)在完成時時態(tài)，強調(diào)現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)不能使用過去的時間狀語。進一步學習了動詞不定式，學習用it 來充當形式主語的用法。 通過對課文The man who loved dogs和Cody saves the baby的學習， 來體會人與動物友好相處的和諧。 同時要掌握本單元的短語和習慣用語。
關于閱讀訓練的教學建議
第15單元第58課與60課都是以敘事的方式，講述關于狗的故事。The man who loved dogs講述的是James Herriot做為獸醫(yī)的艱苦歷程和他對職業(yè)的奉獻精神。Cody saves the baby講述的是一只狗在地震時救了小主人的經(jīng)過。兩篇文章內(nèi)容除了一些生詞外，沒有出現(xiàn)較難的語法項目。對于這樣的語篇，可以通過教學設計，提高學生的閱讀技巧和閱讀速度。并在課堂練習或課后練習時，再閱讀其他小短文，演練一下所學的方法，進而達到學會讀大意，抓主題的快速閱讀的目的。
讓學生先對生詞和短語進行熟悉，先看課后的習題或相關練習。再開始在限定的時間內(nèi)通讀全文，找出答案。再讀課文，將事件的經(jīng)過用幾句話總結(jié)一下。并找?guī)讉�同學試著復述課文，經(jīng)過幾次復述，對課文有個整體的掌握。教師應在此時引導學生注意閱讀技巧，讓學生反思有哪些問題可以通過改變閱讀方式來解決。每篇文章都有重要的主題句，和一條或幾條線索，抓住了主線，其他的內(nèi)容都是作為輔助和注解出現(xiàn)的。根據(jù)此種閱讀方法，提供另外篇閱讀短文，進行課堂練習。
dolphin
Long ago, dogs and horses were tamed to become man's helpers on land. Today some people believe that dolphins may become man's helpers in the sea Proof that a dolphin can be trained to assist man appeared in 1965. The U.S. Navy used the services of a seven-foot dolphin, Tuffy.
Tuffy worked with divers at the Navy's Man-in-the-Sea station off the coast of California. He acted as messenger to a ten-man team whose underwater home was Sealab II, 205 feet deep.
Wearing a plastic harness, Tuffy carried letters in a waterproof tube. He also carried tools for the undersea workers. Tuffy learned to answer calls for help. Pretending to be lost, an aquanaut
would sound a buzzer. Another aquanaut would fasten one end of a line to Tuffy's harness .Tuffy would speed to the rescue.
More and more , it seems likely that old tales of dolphins' willingness to help man are closer to truth than to fiction .
1. The land animals dolphins are compared to are
A. oxen and horses B. dogs and cats
C. dogs and horses D. None of the above
2. The name of the trained dolphin was
A. Toughy B. Tuffy C. Tufty D. None of the above
3. The services of the dolphin were used by the
A. Government of California B. U.S. Army
C. U.S. Navy D. Scripps Institution of Oceanography
4. The article does not say that
A. the station was named Sealab II B. the station's depth was 205 feet
C. ten men were in the underwater team D. the men spent fifteen days at the station
5. For all his chores, the dolphin
A. wore a plastic harness B. carried a waterproof tube
C. carried a line D. carried tools
6. The signal for the dolphin's rescue chore was a
A. shout B. bell C. buzzer D. whistle
7. The purpose of the line the dolphin took was to
A. save the aquanaut from drowning B. lead the aquanaut back to the others
C. help the aquanaut to guide the dolphin D. carry a light to the aquanaut
8. The author suggests that this modern example makes old tales about dolphins seem
A. more truth than fiction B. more fiction than truth
C. half truth and half fiction D. entirely fiction
參考答案：
1. C 2. B 3. C 4. D 5. A 6. C 7. B 8. A
Swallows
簡介
(1) 本文簡單介紹了燕子的生活習性。
(2) 對小動物的介紹一般都是從細節(jié)到它的生活習性。
There are different kinds of swallows. Some swallows make their homes in the sand; others build their nests under the roofs. They make their nests of earth and grass.
It takes them several days to build a nest. They have to work in the early morning. The swallow lays five or six eggs at a time. The mother bird sits on them, and the father bird watches by her side and gives some food to her.
You must not think that when swallows fly over your head, they aren't working. No! Life is work to them. The young swallows eat a lot and they are busy catching the insects for them. So they have to work from early morning till late at night. At last the young birds can fly well, but the old ones can't rest. They began to think about their second family, for they have two broods every season.
When the second brood can fly, too, it's time to think about going to the warmer countries, and when spring comes, they'll return.
1．注解
(1) swallow n. 燕子
(2) nest n. 巢
(3) roof n. 屋頂
(4) lay v. 產(chǎn)（卵）
(5) insect n. 昆蟲
(6) brood n. 一窩所孵的幼雛
2．．思考題
(1) Can you see swallows easily now? Why?
(2) In what way can we protect (保護) this kind of animal?
教學建議（二）
關于寫作訓練的教學建議
本單元第60課的第4項是寫作訓練。主要是敘述父母的職業(yè)。根據(jù)本單元關于動物的主題，這里建議寫作內(nèi)容可選擇以動物為主題。
動物是人類的朋友，我們應當愛惜它們。人與動物和平相處，世界會變得更加美好。由于近幾年保護動物的呼聲日益高漲，各國各地區(qū)分別開辟和劃分大片土地作為野生動物園，從此，野生動物有了屬于自己的家園，動物的數(shù)量和種類都相應增加。為了便于人們觀賞海洋動物，了解海底世界，海洋館也應運而生。
請就此題材寫一篇短文，描寫你參觀海洋館的情況，及個人對此的感受。
[分析與引導]
此篇短文類似于游記，要求寫出時間、地點、人物、事件、經(jīng)過和觀后感受。應按照時間的先后順序?qū)�，�?nèi)容要詳略得當，突出重點，特別是在“人與自然”這方面應有所體現(xiàn)，盡力表達人與動物和平共處的和諧之美，使讀者有身臨其境之感，引起共鳴。
[范文與點評]
A visit to the world under the sea
Have you ever been to the world under the sea ? I have been there once.
It was a sunny morning. I with my father went there on a bus. It was a little far from my home. It took us about two hours to get there. After getting the tickets, we went in.
First, we went into a large hall. There I saw a pond with several dolphins. We were told that there would be a performance in ten minutes, so we found a good place for watching. Soon a beautiful girl came out and the performance began. The dolphins performed very well and all the people there watched carefully and such words as Wonderful, Great, Good, Cool could be heard again and again.
Then, we came to the touching pool. There were some small fish in it and visitors could touched them with their hands softly. And the girl working there explained their names to us. It was not easy to touch them in my life , so I played there for a long time. It was very interesting.
At last, when it was nearly the lunch time, it was the time for another performance of all kinds of fish and a diver. At this time many fish came here for their lunch and the diver gave them their food. The diver was a young beautiful girl and she said Hello to us with her hands. It was difficult for her to feed the fish because some of them were dangerous, especially sharks. I was worried about her all the time, but the girl did it easily and well. We could see that she had become a good friend of sharks and many other animals. We felt very excited and thanked her a lot.
It was a good visit and it was a good lesson for me, too. People and animals are good friends and we should live together well. I should learn from the girl feeling fish. Nothing is too difficult if we put our hearts into it. If we have a great goal, we should try to do it well and we will be the winners.
本文符合游記的要求，時間、地點、人物、事件及其先后順序和教益都交代的很好，特別是“人鯊共舞”場面的描寫很精彩，充分體現(xiàn)了“人與自然和諧相處”這一主題思想，讀后能使人引起共鳴，達到了教育的目的。
第57與59課對話及不定式做主語的教學建議
57課是以為狗看病為話題的對話，從一對父子的談話中，可以看出作為獸醫(yī)的父親對自己的職業(yè)的熱愛，以及對動物與人之間關系的理解。并引出了不定式作主語的用法。59課是母子談論醫(yī)生這一職業(yè)的對話，引出了it作為形式主語的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。
建議這兩課的教學過程有機結(jié)合，巧妙地安排授課時間，完成這部分內(nèi)容的學習。先讓同學們對這兩課內(nèi)容一起預習，主要是熟悉生詞和語法。上課時，圍繞著職業(yè)的談論展開，引出相關的教材內(nèi)容，再反復練習不定式作主語的句型。
可以先引導談論他們將來想選擇的職業(yè)，提出問題：
What kinds of jobs do you know?
What would you like to be in the future?
What are your parents' job?
Do your parents like their job? Why or why not?
在適當?shù)那闆r下提示學生一些職業(yè)的說法。對有些職業(yè)的名稱可參考下文提供的《關于職業(yè)的英語詞匯》。
然后讓學生熟悉對話的內(nèi)容，如通過放錄音、看影片、或閱讀教材來實現(xiàn)。再進一步對不定式作主語的句子進行分析：
To be a doctor for animals is very rewarding.
To help animals is helping people.
To do what the doctor tells you is important.
可以將以上兩句與下句進行比較，突出不定式是怎樣作為主語出現(xiàn)的：
To many people, a pet is like one of the family.
可將學生分成兩組做練習。給A組一些單詞，如：
easy, hard, dangerous, necessary, important, difficult, useful, clever, meaningful, interesting, happy, sad, …
給B組一些不定式短語，如：
to help animal
to go swimming
to do shopping
to drink water
to kill a bird
to find a lost book
to climb the hill
to travel by air
讓B組的同學讀出不定式短語，A組同學在限定的時間內(nèi)選擇形容詞連成句，如：
It's meaningful to help animal.
It's interesting to go swimming.
It's necessary to drink water.
It's difficult to find a lost book.
…
只要回答的合情合理就可以過關，如果A組的同學都不過關，兩組交換位置，讓B組的同學來回答。注意學生們的發(fā)音及句子的敘述要完整。
關于職業(yè)的英語詞匯
actor 男演員
actress 女演員
singer 歌手
dancer 舞蹈家
musician 音樂家
pianist 鋼琴家
painter 畫家,油漆匠
teacher 教師
professor 教授
headmaster 中小學校長
headmistress 中小學女校長
headteacher 校長
director 導演
editor 編者
writer 作家
reporter 記者
announcer 廣播員
journalist 雜志記者
worker 工人
farmer 農(nóng)夫
fisherman 漁夫
chemist 化學家,藥劑師
engineer 工程師
explorer 探險家
researcher 研究員
doctor 醫(yī)生,博士
nurse 護士
surgeon 外科醫(yī)生
sailor 水手
seaman 船員
pilot 飛行員,領航員
astronaut 宇航員
driver 駕駛員
athlete 運動員
policeman 警察
detective 偵探
judge 法官
lawyer 律師
attorney 律師
cook 廚子,廚師
baker 面包師
waiter 侍者
waitress 女服務生
butcher 屠夫
clerk 辦事員
typist 打字員
secretary 秘書
salesman 售貨員,推銷員
shopkeeper 零售商,店主
bookseller 書商
tailor 裁縫
soldier 軍人
postman 郵差
mailman 郵差
firefighter消防人員
conductor 乘務員
librarian圖書管理員
baby-sitter 保姆
apprentice 學徒工
artisan 工匠
craftsman 工匠
specialist 專家
employer 雇主,老板
receptionist 接待員
operator 電話接線員
interpreter 翻譯
photographer 攝影師
playwright 劇作家
linguist 語言學家
botanist 植物學家
economist 經(jīng)濟學家
chemist 化學家
scientist 科學家
philosopher 哲學家
politician 政治學家
physicist 物理學家
archaeologist 考古學家
geologist 地質(zhì)學家
mathematician 數(shù)學家
biologist 生物學家
zoologist 動物學家
statistician 統(tǒng)計學家
physiologist 生理學家
futurologist 未來學家
artist 藝術家
composer 作曲家
designer 設計家
sculptor 雕刻家
designer 服裝設計師
model 模特
poet 詩人
merchant 商人
stewardess 空中小姐
porter 行李夫
architect 建筑師
druggist 藥劑師
chemist 藥劑師
guide 導游
dentist 牙科醫(yī)生
supervisor 監(jiān)工
教學建議（三）
第57課重點例句及相關知識的分析
1. Do you like being a doctor for animals? 您喜歡當獸醫(yī)嗎？
句中的being 可以用to be 的形式表示。如：
I like to be an English teacher. 我喜歡當一名英語教師。
句中a doctor for an animals 可以用an animal doctor 的形式表示。如：
He is a famous animal doctor from England. 他是來自英國的著名獸醫(yī)。
2. To be a doctor for animals is very rewarding. 當獸醫(yī)很值得。
句中rewarding是形容詞，意思是“有報酬的；有用的；有益的”。如：
You will find this book very rewarding. 你將發(fā)現(xiàn)這本書是非常有益的。
3. But isn't it more important to help people than animals？難道不是幫助人比幫助動物更重要嗎？
�。╨）本句是否定疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)。這時或是表示驚異的情緒，或是有點責難的口吻。有時還表示一種贊嘆，（這時用降調(diào)）。例如：I posted the letter last Monday. Haven't you got it？那封信我上星期一就寄出了，難道你沒有收到嗎？（表示驚異）
Didn’t you do your homework yesterday？
難道你昨天沒有做作業(yè)嗎？（責難）
�。�2）回答這類問句時�？隙ù鹫Z用“Yes + 肯定結(jié)構(gòu)”，否定結(jié)構(gòu)用“No + 否定結(jié)構(gòu)”。這與漢語習慣不同，要特別注意。例如：
“Haven't you written to Jack?”“Yes, I have.”
“你沒給杰克寫信嗎？”“不，我寫了。”
“Didn't you tell her about the matter?”“No，I didn’t．”
“你沒告訴她那件事嗎？”“是的，沒告訴她�！�
4. To help animals is helping people. 幫助動物就是幫助人類。
句中helping是現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，修飾people。
分詞有兩種，一種是現(xiàn)在分詞，一種是過去分詞。這兩種分詞在句子中能擔任的成分大體相同，主要是在意思上有主動和被動之分�，F(xiàn)在分詞一般有主動的意思，過去分詞一般有被動的意思，有時表示的時間也不相同。試看兩種分詞的主要差別。如：
He is a promising young man. 他是一個很有培養(yǎng)前途的青年。
This is a pressing problem. 這是個緊急問題。
He is an interesting man. 他是個有趣的人。
He’s very interested in the man. 他對那個男人非常感興趣。
The news is exciting. 這消息很激動人心。
We were excited to hear it. 聽了這事我們很激動。
5. So a pet can help a person feel less lonely. 因此寵物可以使人較少感到孤獨。
lonely 與alone的意思比較接近，但在使用時有所區(qū)別：
lonely用作形容詞，意思是“孤單的；寂寞的”�？芍感撵`上的寂寞，也可指偏僻的地點。在句中既可作表語，也可作定語。alone 可作形容詞和副詞，意思是“單獨；獨自”，不指心理上寂寞的感覺。
例：feel lonely（√）；a lonely traveller（√）
be alone（√）；a alone house（×）
She was taken to a lonely island, lived alone, but she never felt lonely.
她被帶到一個荒島上，自己居住，但她從不感到寂寞。
第58課重點例句及相關知識的分析
1. There is a famous animal doctor from England who wrote many books about animals. 一位英國著名獸醫(yī)，他寫了許多關于動物方面的書。
句中from England 介詞短語做定語，和who wrote many books about animals 從句做定語同時修飾doctor。
2. He grew up with a pet dog named Don. 他與被叫Don 的愛犬一起長大。
句中named 是過去分詞做定語，修飾dog。
named 相當于called 或with the name，意思是“被叫做……”
The boy called John is my classmate. =The boy named John is my classmate. =
The boy with the name John is my classmate. 叫約翰的那個男孩是我的同學。
3. He made up his mind to be a vet．他下定決心要成為一名獸醫(yī)。
make up one’s mind是“下定決心”的意思，其后常接不定式。one’s必須和其相應的主語保持一致。如果主語為復數(shù)，mind也要用復數(shù)形式。如：
�。�1）I’ve made up my mind．我已決定了。
�。�2）He needs someone to make up his mind for him．他需要別人替他作決定。
�。�3）The students in Class 1 all made their minds to study hard．一班的全體同學都下定了決心要努力學習。
4. Before long, Herriot noticed that people in the country also had dogs as pets. 不久以后，赫里奧特注意到這兒鄉(xiāng)下的人們也把狗當作寵物�！�
句中before long 作“不久以后”講，切不要按字面譯為“長時間以前”或“好久以前”。如：
We hope to finish our experiment before long. 我們希望不久（以后）就把實驗做完。
long before 作“很久以前”講。原意為“……以前很久”，故也可譯為“老早”。long before 跟before long 不同，前者在其后面可以接名詞或一個從句；當上下文明確時，名詞或從句還可以省略。Before long 則沒有上述搭配用法。
They began the test yesterday, but we had made experiment long before. 我們昨天開始做實驗，但我們在那以前很久就已經(jīng)做準備了。
5. They regarded their pets as members of their families. 他們把寵物視為家庭成員。
句中regard … as意思是“將……視為”。如：
I regard him as my brother. 我將他當成我的兄弟。
He is regarded as the best doctor in town. 他被視為是城內(nèi)最好的醫(yī)生了。
6. They would go with him in his car every day as he went to the farms to heal sick animals. 當他到農(nóng)場給生病的動物看病時，這兩條狗都坐車跟著他。
句中as 是連詞，意思是“當……的時候，一面……一面”，（強調(diào)同時，一般連續(xù)時間不長），如：
As we were talking about Titanic, our teacher came in. 正當我們談論“泰坦尼克號”這部電影時，教師進來了。
The students sing as they go along. 學生們邊走邊唱。
When、while和as一樣都是連詞，注意它們的不同。如when“當……的時候”（一般表示動作緊接著發(fā)生）；“那時”（等立連詞，前有逗號分開）
I stayed till sunset, when it began to rain. 我一直呆到太陽下山，那時天開始下雨了�！�
while是“當……時候；和……同時”（強調(diào)同時發(fā)生，一般連續(xù)時間較長）
While I was watching TV, he was reading. 當我在看電視的時候，他正在看書。
While there is life, there is hope. 有生命就有希望。
7. Later in his life, James Herriot wrote a lot about his experience as a country vet in Yorkshine, England. 在赫瑞爾的晚年，他根據(jù)在英國約克郡當鄉(xiāng)村獸醫(yī)時的經(jīng)驗寫下許多著作。
句中的as 是介詞，意思是“作為，當作”。如：
I have come here as a journalist. 我是以記者身份到這里來的。
As a student, you must study hard for the people. 作為一名學生，你必須努力為人民而學習。
8. No matter how much he loved all kinds of animals, he loved dogs the best. 不管他多么喜歡各種各樣的動物，他還是最喜歡狗的。
句中no matter作連詞用，意思是“不管”。如：
No matter how hot it is! 不管多么熱。
Don’t trust him, no matter what he says or does. 他不管說什么，做什么，都不要信任他。
Don’t trust him, no matter what he says. 不管他說什么，你都不要信任他。
Don’t believe the rumour, no matter who repeats it. 不論是誰說的，都不要相信這謠言。
No matter where she is, I must find her. 不論她在哪兒，我都要找到她。
第60課重點例句及相關知識的分析
1. Mrs Parley said she felt as if they were in a storm at sea. 帕利太太說她覺得好象是在海上乘船遇到了風暴似的。
句中as if 相當于as though “仿佛……似的”。注意：當主句是一般現(xiàn)在時，as if從句用一般過去時；當主句是一般過去時，as if從句用表示過去的相應時態(tài)。如：
He speaks English as if he were an Englishman. 他說起英語來好像一個英國人似的。
He acted as if （as though） nothing had happened. 他表現(xiàn)得似乎沒有發(fā)生什么事。
She loves the child as if he were here own. 她愛這孩子如同愛自己的孩子一樣。
此外，as if （as though）后可以跟動詞不定式。如：
She raised her hand as though （as if） to hang the picture on the wall. 她舉手象要把這幅畫掛在墻上。
He raised his hand as though to take off his hat. 他舉起手來，像要脫帽似的。
2. She tried hard to reach the baby’s room… but the house broke in two, dropping her to the first floor and leaving the baby’s bed hanging in the edge of the two-story house. 他盡力地到達嬰兒房間，但是房子裂成了兩半，把她摔到了樓下，而嬰兒的小床留在上面，搭在這座二層樓的邊緣上，搖搖欲墜。
由dropping 和leaving 組成的兩個-ing形式短語在句中作伴隨情況狀語。如：
They came into the room laughing and talking. 他們說說笑笑地走進屋來。
Taking a dictionary, she began to prepare her lessons. 她拿了本詞典，開始準備功課。
3. …… just as the bed crashed to the first floor ……與此同時床墜落到了一樓。
4. It is true to say a dog is man’s best friend or at least Roberts best friend. 事實上說狗是人類最好的朋友，起碼是羅特的最好的朋友。
* 句中it是形式主語，to say a dog動詞不定式是真實主語。
句中it作先行代詞用。It在句中充當形式主語或形式賓語，而將真正的和邏輯上的主語或賓語（通常用不定式短語、動名詞短語或從句表示）移到后面去。如：
It is very important for us to learn English. （it代替不定式to learn English做形式主語）我們學習英語是十分重要的。
It takes much time to carry out a test. （it 代替不定式to carry out a test作形式主語）進行試驗是要花費許多時間的。
it 作形式賓語：在具有賓語補語的句子里，it在動詞后作直接賓語的先行代詞，在賓語補語后面再出現(xiàn)真正的直接賓語（一般以不定式短語、動名詞短語表示，但也有用that引出一個賓語從句）。如：
I found it a bit difficult to work in class because I kept on thinking about, the match in the afternoon. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)在課堂上學習有點兒難，因為我一直在想著下午的比賽。
We think it useful to learn the computer well. 我們認為學好計算機是有用的。
* at least 意思是“至少，起碼”。如：
At least I can give you ten dollars. 最少我能給你十美元。
at least 的反義詞是at most 意思是“至多”。
I can pay only fifty dollars at most. 我最多只能付五十美元。
語法講解The Infinitive
動詞不定式（三）
用作主語
To do the job well is not easy. 做好這工作不容易。
To drive fast is dangerous. 開快車是危險的。
To learn English well is very important．學好英語是很重要的。
在現(xiàn)代英語中，更為普遍的是用it 來開始一個句子，作形式主語，而把真正的主語動詞不定式（或短語）放在后面。例如：
It’s not easy to learn a foreign language well. 學好一門外語不容易。
It is necessary to make a plan for this course of study．必須制定一個學習這門課程的計劃。
It’s better to give than to receive. 奉獻總比索取好。
如果要說明不定式表示的動作是誰做的，可以在不定式前加一個for 引起的短語：
It is not hard for one to do a bit of good. 對于一個人來說做點好事并不難。
在以某些形容詞（如: kind ,good ,nice ,clever, wrong, right ,foolish, wise, unwise等）作表語時，不定式前�？杉右粋�of引起的短語，來說明不定式指的是誰的情況，如：
It’s kind of you to think so much of us. 你總是想著我們真是太好了。
例句：
To make a mistake is human. 犯錯誤是人之常情。
It’s better to be the safe side. 萬無一失更好。
To speak well ……/ ill of everyone……說人好（壞）話……
To work hard is the key to success. 勤奮學習是成功的鑰匙。
Lesson 57 教學設計示例
Properties: Recorder, Overhead Projector
Teaching Objectives:
1. Understand the dialogue.
2. Learn some useful structures and phrases.
3. Learn the grammar: the Infinitive.
Language focus: like being a… , play with, a lot of fun
Teaching Procedures:
I. Showing the teaching aims
II. Revision
Revise the names of animals that could be kept as pets: dog, cat, snake, parrot, rabbit, fish, etc. Ask Does anyone have a pet? wWhat kinds of animals would you like to have as pets?
III. Leading in
Ask: What do you want to be when you grow up? Let the students discuss the question. Then give the second question: What do you want to be, a doctor for humans or a doctor for animals? Why?
IV. Presentation
Look at the picture in Lesson 57. The boy is sitting on the sofa. His father is talking with a dog in his hand. What did they say? Play the tape for the students to listen, check the answers with the students. Then read the dialogue and answer the questions of Exercise 1 in the workbook in pairs. Go through the dialogue and explain some language points.
Play the tape for the students to listen and repeat, ask the students to practise. Then let them act out the dialogue in pairs.
VI. Free practice
Do an example with one student. Then let the class make up their own dialogues in pairs. Get them to act out their dialogues. Ask the students to discuss the questions. Ask:
Do you think it's more important to help people than animals? Why?
What kinds of jobs do you know?
What would you like to be in the future?
What are your parents' job?
Do your parents like their job? Why or why not?
VI. Presentation
Ask the students to find the Infinitive sentences. 1. To be a doctor for animals is very rewarding. 2. To help animals is helping people. Ask the students to pay attention to the Infinitive. Give them more examples to understand better. Then go through Part 3. Choose the possible answer. Let the students master this form:
It is adj . + to do something / To do something is + adj .
VII. Workbook
Do Exercise 3 in class. Let the students translate the sentences into Chinese.
VII. Summary
Exercises in class
Have a dictation.
1. Do you like being a doctor for animals?
2.To be a doctor for animals is very rewarding.
3. To help animals is helping people.
4. A pet can help a person feel less lonely.
5. To play with a pet is a lot of fun.
6. To complain too often isn’t a good thing.
7. To work hard brings success.
Open the books check the answers by themselves and correct their spelling mistakes.
IX. Homework
1. Recite the dialogue.
2. Pre - read in Lesson 58.
Lesson 58教學設計示例
Properties: Recorder, Overhead Projector.
Teaching Objectives:
1. Understand the text.
2. Learn some useful words and expressions.
Teaching Procedures:
I. Showily the teaching aims
II. Revision
Check the homework. Then revise the dialogue in Lesson 57. Ask the students to act out the dialogue. Study the new words in this lesson.
III. Leading in
Ask the students this question: There is a famous animal doctor in England. He wrote many books about animals, what’s his name? Let the students read the text and answer the question.
IV. Reading
Ask the students to listen to the tape and answer the question: Which animal did Herriot like best? Then go through the questions of Exercise 1 in the workbook. Make sure they can understand them. Ask them to read the story more carefully and discuss the answers to Exercise I in the workbook in pains. Check the answers with the whole class. Deal with any grammatical or lexical problems that arise.
1. make up one's mind to do something
He has made up his mind to study English well.
2. go on with something: Let’s go on with our lesson.
3. regard . . . as
He regards his teacher as his mother.
V. Reeling aloud
Play the tape for the students to listen and repeat. Use any methods that you think suitable: repetition by the whole class, groups, pairs or individual students. Then give out some key words and phrases. Let the students retell the story.
VI. Workbook
Do Exercise 2. The answers are: for, grow up, into, that, made up, mind, treat, Before, treated, heal, treating, At, at, on, regarded
For Exercise 3. Let the students do it by themselves. Choose the best answer, then read the sentences together. Pay attention to the grammar. Let the students make up more sentences.
VII. Summary
Exercises in class
Fill in the blanks.
1. He made up his mind ________(study) English well.
2.________(treat) large animals is hard work.
3. Ifs hard work ________(treat) the dogs.
4. Please go on ________(read) the text.
5. He grew up with a pet dog________ (name) Don.
6. The dogs ________ never________(treat) when they became sick.
7. Everyday as he went to the farmers ________(heal) sick animals.
Answers: to study, Treating, to treat, reading, named, were treated, to heal
VIII. Homework
1. learn the phrases, make sentences with them.
2. Retell the story.
Lesson 59教學設計示例
Properties: Recorder, Overhead Projector
Teaching Objectives:
1. Understand the dialogues
2. Learn the grammar
Language focus: the Infinitive
Teaching Procedures:
I. Showing the teaching aims
II. Revision
Check homework, ask two or three students to retell the story about Lesson 58.
III. Leading in
Give the students a topic, let them make up a dialogue. For example:Why did you become a doctor for animals?
What do you like best about your job?
Is it easy to heal sick animals?
IV. Presentation
Tell the students that we’ll learn a dialogue about a child’s doctor. First, ask the students to use the following dialogue in Exercise I to help them. Then work in pairs.
V. Free Practice
Suppose your friend is a doctor for. . . . Interview her or him about her or his job. Use the dialogue in Lesson 59 to help you, make up a new dialogue, work in pairs, then do Exercise 1.
VI. Practice
Part 2. Look at the picture. Say something about it. For example:
To be a doctor is very interesting.
To be a sick man is very painful.
To do as the doctor tells you is important.
Change these sentences beginning with: It’s + adj. + to do something. Go through Exercise 2, ask the students to finish changing these sentences.
VII. Workbook
Do Exercise 2. The answers are:
1. It’s necessary to prepare a place for the dog.
2. It’s good for the dog to take a walk every day。
3. It’s very important to keep the dog clean.
4. It’s not a good thing to let the dog bark at night.
5. It’s necessary to give the dog injections regularly.
VIII. Summary
Exercises in class
Change these sentences beginning with It is ...to...
1. English is difficult for me to learn well.
2. To say is easier than to do.
3. To treat large animals isn’t easy.
4. To take medicine on time is necessary.
5. To keep the classroom clean is very important.
6. To take a walk after supper is good for your health.
IX. Homework
1. Make up a new dialogue according to Lesson 59.
2. Finish doing Exercise 3 in the workbook.
Lesson 60 教學設計示例
Properties: Recorder, Overhead Projector, Pictures.
Teaching Objectives:
1. Listening Practice.
2. Learn some useful words and expressions.
Language focus:
be asleep, be busy with something/ be busy doing something,is if, break in two, at sea, shout to/ at. . . ,grab. . . ,in one's mouth, at least
Teaching Procedures:
I. Showing the teaching amis
II. Revision
Check homework first, practise some sentences using the Infinitive and ask some students to make up a dialogue.
III. Listening
Tell the students that there is something wrong with somebody in the listening, the doctor gives him diagnosis Prescription and some other suggestions. Listen to the text then do Exercise I in the workbook, read through the questions, play the tape again and find the answers, finally, check the answers with the whole class.
IV. Presentation
Tell the students today we are going to read a story about how the dog saves the baby .First the students read the text quickly, and find out what happened in the text. Then read the passage carefully, answer right or wrong. Correct the wrong statements.
V. Reading aloud
Play the tape for the students to listen and repeat. Explain some language points.
1. be busy with / be busy doing
I am busy with my homework.
I am busy doing my homework.
2. as if She felt as if she was in a storm.
Get the students to do Exercise 3 in the workbook.
VI. Practice
Ask the students to read the proverbs below and understand the meanings of them, suggested infinitives to make your own proverbs.
VII. Write
Workbook Exercise 4. Write a report about what your parents do. First give the students an example, then ask them to do it.
VIII. Checkpoint
Go through Checkpoint 15. Explain something if necessary. Spend some time on the useful expressions.
IX. Workbook
Ask the students to do Exercises 4 and 5. Pay attention lo the use of the Infinitive
X. Summary
Exercise in class
Complete the following sentences.
1. The animals can't find____________________(足夠吃的食物).
2.You need ____________________(一些喝的) , don’t you?
3. Li Lei has got___________________. （一些有趣的事要告訴我的）
4. Ifs very important ____________________ (好好休息) .
5.____________________(做早操)is very important every day.
6.Ifs good____________________(多喝水).
7.You’d better (吃些藥)
XI. Homework
1. Revise the contents of the whole unit.
2. Retell the story.
3. Finish the exercises in the workbook.
探究活動（一）
Kidom and his dog Vick
One day, Kidom and his friend Dick went to the river fishing, Kidom took his dog Vick with him. But now and then, when the dog saw a small animal or a bird, he would run after it and try to catch it. Dick hated the dog very much because the dog frightened the fish away. “Why do you bring your dog here?” said Dick to Kidom.” He is running here and there. All the fish are frightened and swim away.
Just then Dick shouted, “Wait, fish is biting my line. I can feel it.” Dick was very glad. He forgot the danger. He went to pull the line. The boy fell down into the water. “Help! Help! I can’t swim.” Dick shouted, up and down in the river.
But Kidom could not swim, either. Just then Vick came up. The dog jumped into the water and pulled Dick onto the dry land by biting Dick’s shirt with his teeth. Dick was saved. He was still holding the line in his hand. On its end was a big fish.
注釋：（1）went to the river fishing 去河釣魚
（2）fell down into the water 掉進水里
�。�3）up and down in the river 在河里上下掙扎
�。�4）by biting Dick’s shirt with his teeth 用它的牙咬住迪克的上衣
Swallows
There are different kinds of swallows. Some swallows make their homes in the sand; others build their nests under the roofs. They make their nests of earth and grass.
It takes them several days to build a nest. They have to work in the early morning. The swallow lays five or six eggs at a time. The mother bird sits on them, and the father bird watches by her side and gives some food to her.
You must not think that when swallows fly over your head, they aren't working. No! Life is work to them. The young swallows eat a lot and they are busy catching the insects for them. So they have to work from early morning till late at night. At last the young birds can fly well, but the old ones can't rest. They began to think about their second family, for they have two broods every season.
When the second brood can fly, too, it's time to think about going to the warmer countries, and when spring comes, they'll return.
1．注解
(1) swallow n. 燕子
(2) nest n. 巢
(3) roof n. 屋頂
(4) lay v. 產(chǎn)（卵）
(5) insect n. 昆蟲
(6) brood n. 一窩所孵的幼雛
2．思考題
(1) Can you see swallows easily now? Why?
(2) In what way can we protect (保護) this kind of animal?
dolphin
Long ago, dogs and horses were tamed to become man's helpers on land. Today some people believe that dolphins may become man's helpers in the sea .
Proof that a dolphin can be trained to assist man appeared in 1965. The U.S. Navy used the services of a seven-foot dolphin, Tuffy.
Tuffy worked with divers at the Navy's Man-in-the-Sea station off the coast of California. He acted as messenger to a ten-man team whose underwater home was Sealab II, 205 feet deep.
Wearing a plastic harness, Tuffy carried letters in a waterproof tube. He also carried tools for the undersea workers. Tuffy learned to answer calls for help. Pretending to be lost, an aquanaut would sound a buzzer. Another aquanaut would fasten one end of a line to Tuffy's harness .Tuffy would speed to the rescue.
More and more , it seems likely that old tales of dolphins' willingness to help man are closer to truth than to fiction .
1. The land animals dolphins are compared to are
A. oxen and horses B. dogs and cats
C. dogs and horses D. None of the above
2. The name of the trained dolphin was
A. Toughy B. Tuffy C. Tufty D. None of the above
3. The services of the dolphin were used by the
A. Government of California B. U.S. Army
C. U.S. Navy D. Scripps Institution of Oceanography
4. The article does not say that
A. the station was named Sealab II B. the station's depth was 205 feet
C. ten men were in the underwater team D. the men spent fifteen days at the station
5. For all his chores, the dolphin
A. wore a plastic harness B. carried a waterproof tube
C. carried a line D. carried tools
6. The signal for the dolphin's rescue chore was a
A. shout B. bell C. buzzer D. whistle
7. The purpose of the line the dolphin took was to
A. save the aquanaut from drowning
B. lead the aquanaut back to the others
C. help the aquanaut to guide the dolphin
D. carry a light to the aquanaut
8. The author suggests that this modern example makes old tales about dolphins seem
A. more truth than fiction B. more fiction than truth
C. half truth and half fiction D. entirely fiction
參考答案：
1. C 2. B 3. C 4. D 5. A 6. C 7. B 8. A
探究活動（二）
Health
As regard health, I have nothing useful to say since I have little experience of illness. I eat and drink whatever I like, and sleep when I cannot keep awake. I never do anything whatever on the ground(實際上) that it is good for health, though in actual fact the things I like doing are mostly wholesome(有益健康的).
Psychologically(從心理方面) there are two dangers to be guarded against in old age. One of these is undue absorption(不適當?shù)拿詰? in the past. It does not do to live in memories, in regrets for the good old days, or in sadness about friends who are dead. One's thoughts must be directed to the future, and to things about which there is something to be done. This is not always easy; one's own past is gradually increasing weight. It is easy to think to oneself that one's emotions used to be more vivid than they are, and one's mind more keen. If this is true it should be forgotten, and if it is forgotten it will probably not be true.
Saint Bernard dogs
The famous Saint Bernard dogs have saved many travelers lost in storms on the Alps. The dogs' home is a travelers' shelter kept by Augustinian monks. It stands at the highest point of the Great Saint Bernard Pass. For hundreds of years the pass has been used for travel between Switzerland and Italy. The journey was often dangerous.
Snow and ice still block the pass for months. But the dogs are no longer needed to search it after a storm. In 1964 the Great Saint Bernard Tunnel was opened for motor transport. The tunnel, only three and a half miles long, was the first alpine tunnel for road traffic.
Motorists are not the only users of the Great Saint Bernard Tunnel. Observers report that swallows now take the tunnel route. It has become part of their spring flyway as they migrate north from Italy .
1. The Saint Bernard dogs became famous for
A. living in a shelter B. guiding climbers
C. saving travelers’ lives D. having shaggy coats
2. The dogs are kept by
A. the Swiss government B. Augustinian monks
C. the Alpine Club of London D. Franciscan monks
3. The Great Saint Bernard Pass is a route between
A. France and Switzerland B. Italy and Switzerland
C. Switzerland and Austria D. Switzerland and Germany
4. The Great Saint Bernard Tunnel has lessened the dangers of the route because
A. travelers no longer use the pass itself
B. the pass is now kept open all winter
C. dogs can patrol the tunnel more easily
D. All of the above
5. The selection states that this tunnel
A. was opened in 1964 B. is 3.5 miles long
C. was the first road tunnel through the Alps D. All of the above
6. The birds using the tunnel during their spring migration are
A. cranes B. sparrows C. storks D. swallows
7. Their use of the tunnel shows that they
A. can change a flyway for easier flights B. like to follow cars
C. find flying over the Alps easy D. intend to build nests in Switzerland
參考答案：
C B B A D D A
Teenagers need friends
Many teenagers feel that the most important people in their lives are their friends. They believe that their family members, and in particular their parents, don’t know them as well as their friends do. In large families, it is quite often for brothers and sisters to fight with each other and then they can only go to their friends for advice.
It is very important for teenagers to have one good friend or a circle of friends. Even when they are not with their friends, they usually spend a lot of time talking among themselves on the phone. This communication is very important in children’s growing up, because friends can discuss something difficult to say to their family members.
However, parents often try to choose their children’s friends for them. Some parents may even stop their children from meeting their good friends. The question of “choice” is an interesting one. Have you ever thought of the following questions?
Who chooses your friends?
Do you choose your friends or your friends choose you?
Have you got a good friend your parents don’t like?
Your answers are welcome.
探究活動（三）
關于求醫(yī)用語小結(jié)
1．敘述病情
I'm not feeling well. /I don’t feel well. /I’m feeling very ill. /I feel ill.
我覺得不舒服/我覺得很難受。
There’s something wrong with me. /Something is wrong with me．我不舒服。
I’ve caught a cold. 我得了感冒。
I’ve got a headache. 我頭疼。
I’ve got a cough. 我咳嗽。
I feel pain in my left leg. 我左腿疼。
My whole body feels weak. 我渾身無力。
I'm aching all over. 我渾身疼。
I don't feel like eating anything. 我沒食欲。
I’ve(got) a headache/toothache/stomachache. = My head/tooth/stomach aches。我頭/牙/胃痛。
There’s something wrong with my arm. 我手臂有點毛病。
I’m feeling very ill (even worse)．我感覺病得很厲害（更加嚴重）。
2．醫(yī)生常用語
What's the trouble/matter/wrong? 怎么了？
Have you taken his temperature? 你給他量體溫了嗎？
Open your mouth, please! 請張開嘴。
How long has he been like this? 他這種情況有多少天了？
Maybe he has caught a bit of cold. 他可能有點兒感冒。
Don't worry. / Take it easy. 別著急。
It's not serious. 不嚴重。
He' ll be all right soon. 他很快會好的。
You’ll be all right (well) soon．你很快會好的。
Here, try this medicine．喏，吃吃這個藥吧。
Take it twice a day, after meals．請服此藥，一天二次，飯后服用。
You’d better stay in bed till tomorrow. 你最好在床上躺到明天。
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