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上學(xué)期 Unit 6 Mainly revision
教學(xué)目標(biāo)
Unit 6 Mainly Revision
教學(xué)目標(biāo)與要點(diǎn)
在本單元中要求學(xué)生對(duì)在前面五單元中所學(xué)過的知識(shí)做一次全面的回顧和總結(jié)。復(fù)習(xí)、歸納一般過去時(shí)態(tài)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)，進(jìn)一步學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)詞不定式和賓語(yǔ)從句。能夠區(qū)別 have been與 have gone的用法；重點(diǎn)學(xué)習(xí)課文"Under the sea"，明白How important is the sea to our life？
通過利用computer去尋找一些information，進(jìn)一步熟悉有關(guān)如何操作計(jì)算機(jī)的術(shù)語(yǔ)；掌握數(shù)詞的用法和類似 thousands of短語(yǔ)的用法。通過該單元的學(xué)習(xí)，要使學(xué)生明白海洋對(duì)于我們?nèi)祟惖闹匾祟惻c自然應(yīng)當(dāng)和諧相處，并盡力保護(hù)它的環(huán)境。
素質(zhì)教育目標(biāo)
1. 在本單元中，首先要讓學(xué)生在復(fù)習(xí)的基礎(chǔ)上，建立起正確的包括現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)在內(nèi)的五個(gè)基本時(shí)態(tài) (一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)、一般將來時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)) 的時(shí)間觀念并且能基本做到運(yùn)用所學(xué)過的時(shí)態(tài)進(jìn)行交際會(huì)話。
2. 要求學(xué)生對(duì)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)有一個(gè)比較完整的了解，并能與其他時(shí)態(tài)區(qū)別開來。同時(shí)，對(duì)賓語(yǔ)從句也應(yīng)當(dāng)有一個(gè)完整的了解，并且能夠進(jìn)行綜合運(yùn)用。
3. 要讓學(xué)生在合作學(xué)習(xí)的過程中體到學(xué)習(xí)的樂趣。
4. 大力運(yùn)用探究式學(xué)習(xí)，如進(jìn)行查找資料、資源共享、話題探討等，使同學(xué)們?cè)?strong>學(xué)習(xí)的過程中獲得積累知識(shí)和陶冶情操的體驗(yàn)。
5. 本單元的主題與大自然關(guān)系緊密，教師應(yīng)當(dāng)抓住這個(gè)時(shí)機(jī)對(duì)學(xué)生進(jìn)行環(huán)境教育，使學(xué)生明白人類與大自然應(yīng)當(dāng)和諧共處。
教學(xué)建議
Unit 6 Mainly Revision
關(guān)于教材內(nèi)容的分析
本單元是復(fù)習(xí)單元，我們除了要復(fù)習(xí)前5單元中的日常交際用語(yǔ)、重點(diǎn)詞匯外，還要復(fù)習(xí)、歸納所學(xué)的語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)和賓語(yǔ)從句。
首先，課本采用了相對(duì)集中的呈現(xiàn)方式，在經(jīng)過前幾個(gè)單元的學(xué)習(xí)，對(duì)時(shí)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)及其功能均有了一定了解的基礎(chǔ)上，圍繞“Under the sea”展開教學(xué)的。而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)對(duì)于初中學(xué)生而言，實(shí)在是一個(gè)較為難于掌握的語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目。在本單元復(fù)習(xí)的課堂教學(xué)活動(dòng)中教師更應(yīng)注重這一時(shí)態(tài)的強(qiáng)化，主要強(qiáng)調(diào)學(xué)生建立一個(gè)清晰的概念，并能將現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)態(tài)的用法區(qū)別開來，使得學(xué)生建立起現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)從其本質(zhì)意義上講，是屬于現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的范疇的觀念。
第二，進(jìn)一步學(xué)習(xí)了賓語(yǔ)從句的用法，同時(shí)又為我們?nèi)蘸?strong>學(xué)習(xí)不定式作好了準(zhǔn)備。應(yīng)當(dāng)加強(qiáng)學(xué)生對(duì)于賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)習(xí)，賓語(yǔ)從句在初中階段的英語(yǔ)教學(xué)中，是一項(xiàng)十分重要的教學(xué)項(xiàng)目，學(xué)生在理解與應(yīng)用這一語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目時(shí)都存在著一定的困難。
其三，本單元是進(jìn)一步學(xué)習(xí)了how to get information on computer。對(duì)于前六個(gè)單元中所出現(xiàn)的有關(guān)功能意念句型也應(yīng)當(dāng)在本單元中作一些完整的歸納。
另外，通過本單元的學(xué)習(xí)，我們要明白海洋對(duì)我們?nèi)祟惖闹匾�，人類與自然的和諧相處，才為最高境界。
本單元句型和日常交際用語(yǔ)
1. 本單元句型
What happened?
What’s happening?
--- When are they going to return?
--- I think they’ll return next week.
This is because…
It was called…
be amazed at…
Where else can I find such information?
It seems that…
It is said that…
2. 表示“喜歡做……”或詢問偏愛時(shí)用語(yǔ)
Do you like living here/…?
I prefer…to…
He’d prefer them not to …
Do you prefer… to…?
Would you rather…(or…)?
Which would you prefer, … ?
What’s your preference?
What about your preference?
Do you like… better?
I’d prefer/ rather to (do) …than (do) …
I would (do) … rather than (do) …
I’d like (to)....
I’d go for…
My preference / choice would always be…
If it is up to me, I’d…
關(guān)于聽說讀寫訓(xùn)練的教學(xué)建議
一、有關(guān)聽力訓(xùn)練的教學(xué)建議
在教學(xué)本單元的過過程中，可以充分運(yùn)用課本提供的對(duì)話和課文素材開展聽力的教學(xué)活動(dòng)。還可以進(jìn)行一些獨(dú)立測(cè)試的練習(xí)以加強(qiáng)學(xué)生的聽力的適應(yīng)性�？蓞⒖急締卧襟w素材中準(zhǔn)備的聽聲音選圖畫的聽力練習(xí)題和短文聽力測(cè)試題。
二、有關(guān)口語(yǔ)訓(xùn)練的教學(xué)建議
這個(gè)單元作為復(fù)習(xí)單元，在進(jìn)行口語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)，應(yīng)當(dāng)適當(dāng)?shù)脑O(shè)計(jì)一些情景，讓學(xué)生在情景中進(jìn)行活動(dòng)，以加強(qiáng)活動(dòng)的實(shí)效性。不能簡(jiǎn)單的停留在動(dòng)動(dòng)口的基礎(chǔ)上，還應(yīng)當(dāng)讓學(xué)生動(dòng)筆來編寫一些對(duì)話，然后再進(jìn)行口頭的練習(xí)。可以設(shè)計(jì)以下情景：
1. 一位同學(xué)向另外一位同學(xué)借一個(gè)橡皮擦，要征得他的允許。
2. 一位同學(xué)想邀請(qǐng)另外幾名同學(xué)到家里來做客，家里的椅子不夠，想到鄰居家去借幾把椅子。
3. 一位同學(xué)想去動(dòng)物園玩，征求父親的意見，父親要他先做完作業(yè)再去，而這位同學(xué)堅(jiān)持要先去動(dòng)物園回來后再作家艇作業(yè)，于是父子之間展開了一場(chǎng)對(duì)話。
參考句型：
Would you … please?
It was called…
It seems that…
Do you like…？
I’d prefer…to…
I’d prefer to (do) … (rather) than (do). .
I’d rather (do) …than (do) …
I would (do) … rather than (do) …
I’d like (to) …
三、關(guān)于閱讀訓(xùn)練的教學(xué)建議
由于閱讀與寫作訓(xùn)練應(yīng)當(dāng)是本單元的重點(diǎn)，除了要學(xué)生加強(qiáng)對(duì)課文的閱讀與復(fù)述之外，還應(yīng)補(bǔ)充一些閱讀材料以提高同學(xué)們的閱讀能力�？蓞⒖紨U(kuò)展資料中提供的拓展閱讀的材料。
四、關(guān)于寫作訓(xùn)練的教學(xué)建議
請(qǐng)用英語(yǔ)介紹如何從火車站到自己的學(xué)校。
[思路講解]
請(qǐng)簡(jiǎn)要介紹出從火車站至學(xué)校要走哪條路或要乘坐哪路公交車，在哪站下車，下了車怎么走�？偣泊蠹s要花多少時(shí)間。也可指出學(xué)校旁邊有哪些醒目的建筑物等。
[范例點(diǎn)評(píng)]
My school is far away from the railway station. Luckily there is a bus station outside the railway station. You can take a bus there. The No.6 bus will take you to our school. You could get off at 5th stop. You can see the gate of our school at the Hong Shan stop. Our school is just on the other side of the street. I’m sure you won’t miss it.
本篇作文語(yǔ)言表達(dá)簡(jiǎn)潔清楚。從火車站到學(xué)校路線明了，確能讓讀者很容易地找到該校。
本單元的重點(diǎn)句型及相關(guān)知識(shí)的講解
1. Not too long ago, people couldn’t go scuba diving on Hainan Island, or anywhere else.
不久以前，在海南和其他地方人們還不能進(jìn)行潛水運(yùn)動(dòng)。
else 形容詞，意思為“別的；其他的”，無比較級(jí)。
它常接在疑問代詞，不定代詞后面。如：
— Beside the weather, what else did he say? 除了天氣，他還說了些什么？
— He said something interesting about his travel abroad. 他說了國(guó)外旅行的趣聞。
— Who else is coming? 還有別人來嗎？
— We are preparing the dinner. 我們正在準(zhǔn)備飯。
— Anything else I can do for you? 我還能為你做些別的事嗎？
— No, thank you. You’ve already done so much for me. 不用，謝謝。你已經(jīng)為我做了很多。
2. This is because there was no machine allowing a person to breathe under water for a long time. 這是因?yàn)闆]有供人水下呼吸很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的機(jī)器。
allow sb. to do sth. 意思為“允許某人做某事”。 相當(dāng)于賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，必須接不定式。如：
They don’t allow children to go into that room.= They don’t let children to into that room.
他們不允許孩子進(jìn)入那個(gè)房間。
I allowed him to use my room.= I let him use my room.
我讓他使用我的房間。
當(dāng)allow后接不接人稱代詞或名詞時(shí)，后面的動(dòng)詞須用 –ing 形式，而不能用不定式。如：
My parents don’t allow us to smoke. Smoking is not allowed both at home and at school.
我父母不允許吸煙。
注意：這一用法中的allow不能用let替換。
3. In 1943 Jacques Cousteau and his friend made it possible by inventing the scuba machine.
1943年雅克·庫(kù)斯托和他的朋友發(fā)明了水下呼吸器，才能使這成為可能。
make在這里是“使得”的意思，后接不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式�！癿ake sb. do sth.” 意為“讓 / 使得某人做某事”。make后還可以跟形容詞作賓補(bǔ)。如：
The boss made the workers work twelve hours a day.
老板讓工人們一天工作十二小時(shí)。
His mother was ill. This bad news made him sad.
他的母親病了，這個(gè)壞消息使他很難過。
4. He was amazed at all the colours, and all the beautiful fish.
他對(duì)五顏綠色和各種美麗的魚感到驚奇。
(1) amazed 使（某人）感到驚奇。
She amazed us by dancing so beautifully. That’s why we enjoyed every minute of the party.
她舞跳得如此美，使我們很驚奇，這也使我們聚會(huì)時(shí)度過了美好時(shí)光。
be amazed at / by 感到驚奇。如：
We are amazed at the changes in Beijing. I can’t even find where my old house is.
北京的變化使我們感到驚奇。我?guī)缀跽也坏脚f房子了。
She was amazed by what she saw in China. She is now planning to bring her whole family here next month.
她在中國(guó)所見到的情景使她感到驚奇。她正打算下個(gè)月把家人都接來。
(2) fish 指“魚肉”時(shí)是不可數(shù)名詞，指“魚的種類”時(shí)是可數(shù)名詞。單復(fù)同形指“同一種類的魚”，而fishes復(fù)數(shù)形式指不同種類的魚。如：
We had fish for dinner.
我們正餐吃魚。
We caught five fish.
我們抓到了五條魚。
There are many kinds of fishes in the lake.
湖里有各種各樣的魚。
5. However, when he returned some years later, the colourful coral reefs were dead and grey.
然而，多年以后，當(dāng)他回來時(shí)，艷麗多彩的珊瑚礁已經(jīng)死了，變成灰色的了。
however conj. 然而；可是；不過；但是
Certainly he agreed. However, I won’t agree,
他當(dāng)然同意了，然而我不同意。
注：however與but的區(qū)別在于，前者較為正式，but不能置于句首，而however 可以置于句首，句中或句末。置于句中時(shí)，前后用分號(hào)隔開的情況較多。
6. Since water covers most of the earth, Corsteau knew we should keep the seas clean.
由于水覆蓋了地球的大部分，庫(kù)斯托知道我們應(yīng)該保持海洋清潔。
�。�1）since與because的區(qū)別在于，since常用于指眾所周知的原因，而Because常用來回答Why的提問。
Since we are young, we should do more for our country.
既然我們年輕，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)多為國(guó)家做事。
— Why is Kate absent? 凱特為什么遲到了？
— Because she is ill. 因?yàn)樗×恕?/p>
since的另外一種用法，是表示“自從……以來”。
Where have you been since I last saw you?
上次我和你見面以后，你到哪里去了？
It is a week since we arrived here.
我們到這里來已經(jīng)有一個(gè)禮拜了。
（2）本句中cover的用法，意思是“用……遮蓋；覆蓋”。
Snow covered the ground.
雪覆蓋了地面。
She cried and covered her face with her hands.
她哭了，用手蒙住了臉。
The desk was covered with dust.= Dust covered the desk.
書桌上布滿了灰塵。
7． …, he encouraged everyone to take part in protecting our lakes, rivers, seas and oceans.
……，他鼓勵(lì)每個(gè)人加入到保護(hù)我們的河流、湖泊和海洋的行動(dòng)中來，take part in意為“參加（活動(dòng)）”一般表示在活動(dòng)中還承擔(dān)一定的職責(zé)。
He always takes an active part in all kinds of activities in school.他總是積極參加學(xué)校的各種活動(dòng)。
join也有參加的意思，但是該詞主要強(qiáng)調(diào)參加某項(xiàng)組織。如：He joined the party when he was eighteen years old.他十八歲就入了黨。
8.— … but I’ve gone scuba diving.
— So have I.
— ……但是我去潛水了。
— 我也去了。
“So＋be/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞＋主語(yǔ)”這種簡(jiǎn)略結(jié)構(gòu)表示“某人也……”如：I like green very much. So does Lily.
我喜歡綠色，莉莉也喜歡。
Tom can swim, so can I.
湯姆會(huì)游泳，我也會(huì)游。
She is a student. So are they.
她是學(xué)生，他們也是。
I went to the zoo yesterday. So did Mary.
昨天我去了動(dòng)物園，瑪麗也去了。
so＋主語(yǔ)＋be/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞，這種結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)調(diào)“……確實(shí)如此”。如：Her husband is English. So he is.
他丈夫是英國(guó)人。是的，他是。
Tom studies very hard. So he does.
湯姆學(xué)習(xí)很努力。是的，他確實(shí)很努力。
She passed the exam. So she did.
她通過了這次考試。是的，他確實(shí)通過了。
9. I’ve been down as long as two hours.
我在水下待了兩小時(shí)之久
as long as …長(zhǎng)達(dá)……
It took us as long as four hours to get over the mountain.
我們花了四個(gè)小時(shí)才翻過了那座山。
Mr. Brown spent as long as two and a half years writing the novel.
布朗先生花了長(zhǎng)達(dá)兩年半的時(shí)間才寫完這部小說
注：類似的用法還有as much as, as large/big as, as wide as, as high as等等。如：
Look at the tower, it is as high as sixty metres.
看那座塔，它高達(dá)60米。
I spent as much as ten thousand yuan on the piano.
買這架鋼琴，我花了多達(dá)一萬(wàn)塊錢。
注意：as long as這個(gè)短語(yǔ)還可以做從屬連詞用來引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。意思是“只要……”，也可以說；so long as。如：
As long as I live, I’ll study.
只要我還活著，我就要學(xué)習(xí)。
You may borrow the books so long as you keep it clean.
只要你能保持書的清潔，你就可以借書。
As long as we don’t lose heart, we’ll find a way to overcome the difficulty.
只要我們不灰心，我們就能找到解決問題的出路。
10. Maybe we can go scuba diving sometime.
也許改天我們能潛泳。
Maybe it will rain tonight.
可能今天晚上會(huì)下雨。
Maybe it is true.
也許這是真的。
It may be wrong.
這可能有錯(cuò)。
Don’t worry. We have some time left.
別擔(dān)心，我們還有時(shí)間。
I have been to his school some times.
我去過他的學(xué)校幾次。
Come and see me sometime next week.
下個(gè)禮拜什么時(shí)候有時(shí)間來看我。
I sometimes go to the cinema after work.
我有時(shí)下班后去看電影。
11. Not all sharks are alike.
并不是所有的都相似。
Alive adj. 意思為“相同的；相像的”常做表語(yǔ)。
They were born on the same day. The two brothers are very much alike.
他倆出生于同一天。這兄弟倆長(zhǎng)得很像。= They were born on the same day. The two brothers are very like.
他倆出生于同一天。這兄弟倆長(zhǎng)得很像。
注意：like 之前可以用very 來修飾，但是alike之前則不行。另外，alike也可以用做副詞。如：
You and I think alike.
你和我的想法一致。
Great minds think alike.
英雄所見略同。
12. … but many sharks feed on fish, other sea animals, smaller sharks and sometimes people.
……許多鯊魚以魚和其他的海洋動(dòng)物，較小的鯊魚為食，有時(shí)還以人為食。
Feed on sth. 以……為食
Cows feed on hay.
奶牛吃干草。
The children always feed on the best of food.
孩子們常常吃最好的食物。
13. It is said that one of the most dangerous sharks is the great white shark.
據(jù)說有一種最危險(xiǎn)的鯊魚是大白鯊。
It is said …據(jù)說……
It is said that you are good at operating computers.
據(jù)說你很會(huì)操作電腦。
It is said that the sports meeting will be put off till next Thursday.
據(jù)說運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)會(huì)推遲至下周四舉行。
類似的句型還有：
It is thought that … 據(jù)認(rèn)為……
It is proved that … 據(jù)證明……
It is known that … 眾所周知……
It is suggested that …據(jù)建議……
It is reported that … 據(jù)報(bào)道……
It is announced that …據(jù)宣布……
It is required that … 據(jù)要求……
It is required that we work eight hours a day. Sometime we work till midnight.
據(jù)要求我們一天要工八個(gè)小時(shí)。有時(shí)我們工作到半夜。
It was demanded that the working conditions be improved as soon as possible. But nothing is different, just like what you can see now.
根據(jù)要求，工作條件要盡快的改進(jìn)。但是，如同你看到的，什么都沒改變。
關(guān)于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的歸納
1. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)have/has＋過去分詞
2. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)涉及兩個(gè)時(shí)間概念。一是過去，二是現(xiàn)在。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞雖然所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，但是該時(shí)態(tài)所強(qiáng)調(diào)的還是對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響或結(jié)果。關(guān)鍵在于這種影響和結(jié)果正是說話人的興趣所在。因而，該時(shí)態(tài)通常不帶有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。如：
The boy has come back.
孩子回來了。（意思是說孩子在家。）
I’ve lost my pen.
我把鋼筆給丟了。（意思是說我現(xiàn)在沒有鋼筆用。）
3. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)還可以用來表示開始于過去，且該狀態(tài)一直延續(xù)至今而且還有可能繼續(xù)下去的可能性的情況。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作通常是可持續(xù)的。如：
I have lived here for more than twenty years.
我在此住了二十多年了。
Nothing has happened ever since.
打那以后就什么也沒有發(fā)生過，
4． 非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)候，通常不帶表示時(shí)間段的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，因此不和for或者since連用。例如，不能說：
I have bought the house for two years / since two years ago.
而應(yīng)當(dāng)說：I bought the house two years ago.
或者說：I have had the house for two years.
或者說：It’s two years since I bought the house.
但是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的否定式可以和表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，表示這種動(dòng)作的否定狀態(tài)的延續(xù)。如：
I haven’t bought anything for a week / since you left.
我已經(jīng)有一個(gè)禮拜沒有買東西了。/自從你離開以后我沒有買過任何東西。
5． 同學(xué)們應(yīng)當(dāng)特別注意的是，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)是一個(gè)屬于現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的范疇，所以它可以和包括“現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻”在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如：
Now, today, this morning / week / month / year, by now, so far, up to now, already, before, just, ever, never, always, recently, lately.等等。如：
I have done nothing today.
我今天什么事情也沒有干。
We have had four lessons this morning.
今天上午我們上了四節(jié)課。（說話時(shí)還沒有超出上午的范圍）
Have you seen her before?
你以前見過他嗎？
6．當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)行為的行為時(shí)間、執(zhí)行者、行為方式、行為場(chǎng)所、行為原因時(shí)，句中一般用一般過去時(shí)，而不用或者很少用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，間或用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)也是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果。如：Who did it? How did he do it? Why did he do it? Where did he do it? When did he do it?
7．為了準(zhǔn)確地判斷動(dòng)詞的延續(xù)性和非延續(xù)性，請(qǐng)記住下面的歌訣：
動(dòng)詞延續(xù)非延續(xù)，要用“一直”加動(dòng)詞；
說得通是延續(xù)動(dòng)詞，說不通是非延續(xù)動(dòng)詞。
不能說：一直買buy/開始begin/借入borrow/到達(dá)reach,get to,arrive/參加join,等等。
可以說：一直有have/進(jìn)行be on/保管keep/在……組織里be in/是……成員be a＋身份
如以下所示：
He has gone there.
他上那兒去了。
He has been there for two days.
他上那兒去了兩天了。
He has bought a book.
他買了一本書。
He has had the book for 3 weeks.
他買這本書三周了。
She has borrowed a dictionary.
她借了一本詞典。
She has kept the dictionary for 2 weeks.
他借這本詞典兩周了。
練習(xí)
將下列句子翻譯成英文。
1. 從兩點(diǎn)鐘起我就在這里了。
2. 她已經(jīng)走了一個(gè)禮拜了。
3. 從上禮拜五他就生病了。
4. 他參軍已經(jīng)有五年了。
5. 自從五年前他就在這里了。
參考答案：
1. I have been here since two o’clock.
2. She has been away for a week.
3. He has been ill since last Friday.
4. He has been in the army for five years.
5. He has lived here since five years ago.
教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)方案
Lesson 21
Period: The First Period
Content: Lesson 21
Properties: Tape recorder, Overhead Projector, TV, pictures.
Teaching Objectives: Make the students use the language point in the dialogues.
the usage of the present Perfect Tense
Language Focus:
1. Useful expressions: have an accident; hurt badly;
2. The present Perfect Tense:
What’s happened? They’ve had an accident. Has anyone called the police? Yes, they have. Teaching Procedures:
Ⅰ. Organizing the class
Ask the students to get ready for class.
Greetings between the teacher and the students and a duty report.
�、�. Revision
1. check homework.
2. Revise the present perfect Tense. Ask :
Have you ever been to the Great Wall?
How long have you lived in Beijing?
Get the students to answer the questions.
Make sure they can answer correctly.
Ⅲ. Presentation
1. Show a picture of an accident on TV. Get the students to watch and talk about the accident using some words, such as: have an accident, hurt, badly, fall off, hit …
2. Have the students read and practice the dialogues in pairs.
3. Ask some students to act out the dialogue.
�、�. Puzzle dialogue
Find the best answers by themselves. Check the answer with the whole class.
Ask the students to make up similar questions, then get the other students to answer them.
�、�. Read and act
1. Ask the students to close their books, and then listen to the tape and answer the questions:
Where have Bruce and Sue gone?
Haven’t they ever been to London?
When are they going to be back?
Have the students find the answer to the question. Check the answer with the class.
2. Ask the students to read the dialogue, then practice in pairs.
3. Act out the dialogue.
4. Allow them to change the dialogue to fit a situation they might have at home.
�、�. Exercises in class
Fill in the blanks with the right verb forms.
A: I’m not feeling well. I ________ (get) a cold.
B: ________ you ________ (be) to the hospital yet?
A: Yes, I ________ (go) to see Doctor Li this morning and he ________ (give) me some medicine.
B: ________ you ________ (take) the medicine?
A: Yes, I ________ (take) it just a moment ago.
B: Mr. Li is a good doctor. I think you’ll ________ (be) all right soon.
Answers: have got, Have … been, went, gave, Have … taken, took, be
�、�. Homework
Finish off the exercises in the workbook.
�、�. Summary
Translate Chinese into English:
1. 發(fā)生什么事情啦？
2. 有人受傷嗎？
3．他去過上海好幾次。
4．我已經(jīng)讀完了這本書。
Answers:
1. What’s happened?
2. Is anyone hurt?
3. He has been to Shanghai for several times.
4. I have finished reading the book.
教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)方案
Lesson 22
Period: The second Period
Content: Lesson 22
Properties: Recorder
Teaching Objectives: Students should grasp the new words and expressions as well as the main idea of the text.
Language Focus:
1. useful expressions
2. The object Clause
Teaching procedures:
�、�. Organizing the class.
Greetings and a duty report.
�、�. Revision
Check homework
Practice the dialogue of lesson 21
Ⅲ. Pre-read
Let the students discuss the questions:
1. Who was Cousteau?
2. When was the scuba machine inverted?
3. Who invented the scuba machine?
4. What did Cousteau do under the sea?
�、�. Presentation
Ask students to close their books and listen to the radio, and then answer questions. Then get the students to listen again and check answers.
�、�. Reading
Have the students read the text by themselves.
Explain some useful expressions: be interested in explore; be surprised to
�、�. Group work
Part 3. Discuss the importance of the water.
Then have the students speak out their ideas.
�、�. Workbook
For exercise 2, get the students to discuss the questions in small groups, and write down their ideas.
For exercise 3, have the students do it orally, and check with the whole class.
Ⅷ. Homework
Finish off the exercises in the workbook.
�、�. Summary
Exercises in class
Translate the sentences into English:
1. 你想買點(diǎn)別的什么嗎？
2. 不允許任何人經(jīng)過這里。
3. 我聽到這個(gè)消息大吃一驚。
4. 他參加了運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。
Answers:
1. Would you like to buy something else?
2. Don’t allow anybody to pass here.
3. I was amazed at the news.
4. He took part in the sports meeting.
教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)方案
Lesson 23
Period: The third Period
Content: Lesson 23
Properties: Recorder
Teaching Objectives: Students should master the dialogues, useful expressions about the present perfect tense and the object clause.
Language Focus:
1. How long have you lived in…?
I ve live here since…
2. How long have you been doing sth.?
I ve been doing sth. for…
3. What s the longest time you ve been down?
I ve been down as long as…
4. … says (that)…
Teaching Procedures:
�、�. Organizing the class
Greetings and a duty report.
�、�. Revision
To dictate the words last time.
Check homework
�、�. Presentation
Present the sentence:
How long have you learned English?
Ask some students to answer.
Then go on:
Do you like learning English?
Have the students practice this dialogue in Pairs, in groups. At last, act out the dialogue
�、�. Read and say
Play the tape for the students to listen and repeat
Then ask:
How long has Lin Yang lived in Honolulu?
How long has Lin Yang been surfing?
Have the students ask the questions, check with the whole class.
�、�. Practice
Practice the dialogue in Pairs, then in groups.
Then act out the dialogue.
�、�. Ask and answer
Talk about the dialogue of Part 2 in Pairs.
Finish the sentences in Pairs.
�、�. Practice
Talk in groups of three. The first student says something, the second student may ask: What does he / she say? The third student repeats using the Object Clause: He / She says that…
�、�. Homework
Finish off the exercises in the workbook.
�、�. Summary
Exercise in class:
Rewrite the following sentences with the Object clause.
1. Physics isn t easy to learn
He says…
2. Who does live in the room?
Do you know…
3. You have passed the exam.
I m glad…
4. He ll be back in a month.
I hear…
5. Whose dictionary is this?
Tom asked…
Answers:
1. He says (that) physics isn t easy to learn.
2. Do you know who lives in the room?
3. I m glad that you have passed the exam.
4. I hear he ll be back in a month.
5. Tom asked whose dictionary this was.
教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)方案
Lesson 24
Period: The Fourth Period
Content: Lesson 24
Properties: Recorder.
Teaching Objectives: Students should be master the useful expressions.
Language Focus: Useful expressions
Teaching Procedures:
�、�. Organizing the class.
Greetings and a duty report.
�、�. Revision
1. Check homework
2. Make some dialogues use the Present Perfect Tense and the Object Clause. Make sure that the students can use freely.
�、�. Listen
Listen the tape for the students. Finish Exercise 1 individually. Then check the answers together.
�、�. Presentation
Tell the students: Tom is interested in the sea, but he can’t find some information about different kinds of sharks. Now let’s help Tom find the information.
Have the students discuss, then say out their ways.
�、�. Practice
Look and role-play. Then get the students to work in pairs.
�、�. Reading
Listen to the tape and then try to find the answers to the following questions:
What is a Shark?
How many kinds of Sharks are there on earth?
What is said to be one of the most dangerous Sharks?
Discuss the question in Pairs and check the answers together.
Ⅶ. Workbook
Do Exercise 3 in class individually, check with the class.
Do Exercise 2 orally
�、�. Homework
Look at the picture of the animals in part four.
Then have the students write something about animals.
�、�. Summary
Exercises in class:
Translate the sentences into English.
1. 她曾經(jīng)去過香港嗎？
Has she ________ ________ ________ Hong Kong?
2. 過去他常在海底探險(xiǎn)。
He used to ________ ________ the sea.
3. 我沖浪已經(jīng)有兩年了。
I ________ ________ ________ for 2 years.
4. 我們正在尋找鯊魚的有關(guān)資料。
We ________ ________ ________ some information ________ sharks.
5. 不是所有的鯊魚都一樣。
________ ________ sharks are ________.
Answers: 1. ever been to 2. explore under 3. have been surfing 4. are looking for, about 5. not all, alike
探究活動(dòng)
主題演講
設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)主題演講課。該演講以“Something I have done well”“我干得不錯(cuò)的一、兩件事”為題。要求學(xué)生在該演講中除了盡量多使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)之外，還必須盡可能地把所學(xué)過的五種時(shí)態(tài)完全用上。最后，在使用合理的前提下，以講演用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)句式最多者為勝。
實(shí)施方案：
1. 首先，把該演講的題目和要求布置給學(xué)生，讓學(xué)生事先作好準(zhǔn)備；
2. 在課堂上先將學(xué)生分成若干個(gè)小組，
3. 上課時(shí)，先讓學(xué)生在小組內(nèi)進(jìn)行演講，然后由各組推薦一人至兩人在班內(nèi)進(jìn)行表演。
4. 評(píng)出優(yōu)勝小組，表?yè)P(yáng)不直接給予學(xué)生個(gè)人，而是以小組的名義表?yè)P(yáng)，以增強(qiáng)學(xué)生的團(tuán)隊(duì)精神。
參考講稿：
I have made a very good model plane. I have tried it out many times. It has been in the sky, flying so well, at least ten times. I have shown it to most of the teachers in my school. It has been a hard job to make the model plane. At first I had neither tools nor material. I looked for them almost in every corner of the city. After I had the tools and the material, I started planning the making. I first drew pictures one after another. Then I tried to make my model plane out of paper. I tried to fly it and it went up into the sky. But it soon fell to the ground. I had to go to my math teacher for help. With the teacher’s help I made my first model plane out wood. I tried it out again. This time it was able to fly in the sky for almost two minutes. It was not very good, but much better. Now my newly made model plane can fly for over ten minutes before it lands safely on the field. I’m still trying out new planes one after another. And I’m sure in ten to twenty days my best model plane will be able to stay in the sky for a quarter of an hour.
制作復(fù)習(xí)提綱
要求學(xué)生根據(jù)前五個(gè)單元的內(nèi)容，各個(gè)小組制作一份復(fù)習(xí)提綱和復(fù)習(xí)的練習(xí)題。
實(shí)施方案：
1. 布置任務(wù)，使學(xué)生充分明確老師的意圖；
2. 各個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)小組分頭進(jìn)行，包括收集材料，進(jìn)行篩選，加工，合成。
3. 各小組之間進(jìn)行交流；相互學(xué)習(xí)，取長(zhǎng)補(bǔ)短；
4. 班內(nèi)評(píng)選，全班公布結(jié)果。
同學(xué)可以任意選取一份優(yōu)秀的復(fù)習(xí)資料作為自己的復(fù)習(xí)提綱。
設(shè)計(jì)對(duì)話
給出某天電視節(jié)目單，讓每對(duì)學(xué)生都根據(jù)所示的時(shí)間和節(jié)目設(shè)計(jì)對(duì)話，并演示他們的設(shè)計(jì)。
TV PROGRAMMES（節(jié)目）
Channel (頻道) 1
Channel 2
18:00 Children’s programme
18:15 English classroom
18:30 Learning to use computers
19:00 TV play
19:00 News
20:30 Sports
19:30 Weather report
21:10 Foreign arts
20:00 Popular music
22:00 Animal world
21:00 Talk show
23:05 Only in China
22:30 Around the world
23:40 On TV next week
對(duì)話示例：
A： You want to listen the weather information after learning to use computer, how long do you have to wait?
B： I must wait half an hour.
A： How can I watch the football match today?
B： You’d better watch the Sports progaramme at 20:30 on Channel 2.
限時(shí)閱讀
教師給出關(guān)于介紹Jacques Cousteau生平的閱讀文章，讓學(xué)生在指定的時(shí)間內(nèi)快速閱讀，讀后馬上回答問題：
1. What has Jacques Cousteau done for the world and human being?
2. What is Jacques Cousteau good at or expert in?
Jacques Cousteau
Jacques-Yves was born in Saint-Andre-de-Dubzac, France, to Daniel and Elizabeth Cousteau on June 11, 1910. Cousteau always loved the water and in his early teens, he became interested in machines. At the age of 11, Cousteau built a model crane and at 13, he built a battery-operated(電池操作) car. Also in his early teens, Cousteau became fascinated（著迷） with films. He saved his money and bought a home movie camera.
In high school, Cousteau became bored with school and began to cause trouble. As a result, his parents sent him to a strict boarding school. Cousteau excelled in this new environment and upon graduation（畢業(yè)）, he entered the Ecole Navale (Naval Academy) in Brest. In 1933, Cousteau joined the French Navy as a gunnery（射擊） officer. It was during this time that he began his underwater explorations and began working on a breathing machine for longer dives.
In 1937, Cousteau married Simone Melchoir, and they had two sons, Jean-Michel and Phillipe. Two years after their marriage, Cousteau fought for the French in World War II. He spent time as a spy and was awarded several medals（獎(jiǎng)?wù)拢? During the war, Cousteau still found time to continue his underwater work. In 1943, he and French engineer Emile Gagnan perfected the aqualung（水中呼吸器）, which allowed a diver to stay underwater for several hours. Divers used the aqualung to located and remove enemy mines after World War II.
Cousteau was named a captain（船長(zhǎng)） de corvette（巡洋艦） of the French navy in 1948, and two years later he became president of the French Oceanographic Campaigns. That same year, Cousteau purchased the ship Calypso（“卡里普索”號(hào)船） to further his explorations. To finance his trips and increase public awareness of his undersea investigations, Cousteau produced numerous films and published many books. His films include The Silent World (1956) and World Without Sun (1966). Both won Academy Awards for best documentary. His books include The Living Sea (1963), Dolphins (1975), and Jacques Cousteau: The Ocean World (1985).
Because of his many projects, Cousteau retired from the French navy. In 1957, he became director of the Oceanographic(海洋學(xué)的)Museum of Monaco, founded the Underseas Research Group at Toulon, and headed the Conshelf Saturation Dive Program. The Conshelf program was an experiment in which men lived and worked underwater for extended periods of time.
In 1968, Cousteau was asked to make a TV series. For the next 8 years, The Undersea World of Jacques Cousteau introduced the public to a world of sharks, whales, dolphins, sunken treasure, and coral reefs（珊瑚礁）. In 1974, Cousteau started the Cousteau Society to protect ocean life. The membership of this non-profit group has grown to include more than 300,000 members worldwide. Cousteau was awarded the Medal of Freedom by President Reagan in 1985 and in 1989, he was honored by France with membership in the French Academy.
On January 11, 1996 the Calypso（“卡里普索”號(hào)船） sank in Singapore harbor（海港）. In his last years, Cousteau was involved in a legal（法律的） battle with his son, Jean-Michael over the use of the Cousteau name. Cousteau died on June 25, 1997.
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